Christian Essays

Essays on life, truth, the Bible and God

Drawing the line

This book is meant to be a springboard to help Christians come to grips with understanding where they stand as Christians, in a world which is saturated with non-Biblical thinking. I have tried to collect relevant examples to illustrate typical situations in which Christians are caught. I have also tried to make a difference between straight Bible teaching and my own personal opinions, because I know there are Christians who hold many different positions on some things.

Drawing the Line

At a school Shakespeare competition, after a scene full of cackling witches, someone announced to the audience that there had been a “real” witch in the cast, and also that a “Christian” was also one of them. God playing the devil? It seemed rather incongruous, to have a Christian hovering around a cauldron chanting spells and incantations. Whether or not the “Christian” referred to was genuine or not makes no difference, the fact is, it seemed (to someone) like a point worth making to inform the audience that a “Christian” had played the part of a witch.

This set me thinking about whether Christians can, in drama anyway, legitimately play the part of what is supposedly the ‘opposition’. I think they can, provided the setting is a drama of some sort. In this setting, a Christian can play any role, and play it well, but then this leads to the problem of the ‘value’ of the production. Should a Christian swear, pretend to take drugs, lie, cheat and behave like an animal, all in the name of Drama? And then comes the alternative question – would a ‘practising witch’ be interested in playing the part of an “evangelical, Bible-preaching Christian”? To both questions – I doubt it very much.

The fact is, Christians are supposed to be different from people who are not Christians, not the same. Did Jesus ever try to blend in by compromising his standards? Was the Early Church persecuted by Rome because there were no obvious differences between it and the pagan society it lived in the midst of? What used to come naturally to the Christians – greed, dishonesty, deception, hypocrisy, etc, was now to be resisted. What used to give them very little trouble conscience-wise, was now an obstacle to be overcome.

It is all a matter of drawing the line, and knowing where to draw it.

The Bible is (among other things) a book of rules. It is a Handbook for Life. The Manual for Man, made by the Maker of Man. Some of these rules are clear and specific : “You shall not kill”, while other rules are principles : “Love one another”. Frequently there is trouble over these two categories, because of a failure to see the difference between principles and direct rules, and arguments arise over interpretations.

The fact is, every Christian comes to God as an individual, and their whole life is dealt with by Him on an individual basis. As the proverb goes, “God has no grandchildren”, and neither does the Church. Pastors, deacons, elders and all, right down to the new convert who has almost no idea of what the Bible says, all are treated by God on an individual basis, and judged according to God’s own understanding. Only God can take into account every detail – our upbringing, environment, personality, circumstances relating to decisions – so only God is capable of making a fair judgement. No human could ever know enough to judge another human 100% fairly.

So there is no room for one Christian to ‘judge’ another, that is, there is no permission given for one Christian to try to force another Christian live by the their rules, or their perceived standards. This is not to say that church discipline is not involved, but church discipline is always applied on the basis of the direct rules, never the principles, because principles are always open to interpretation, while direct rules are as clear as “Keep off the Grass”, and “Leave this door shut”.

The reason why God has given us two types of rule is because some are universal and apply to humans at all times and in all cultures, while the other are flexible enough to fit every situation.

This is demonstrated in many ways. For example politics. Some Christians say that it is not for Christians to be involved in politics, because, they say, it is not ‘preaching the gospel’, or it is ‘not God’s domain’. Other Christians (such as Wilberforce, an MP who fought in Parliament for the abolition of slavery) would say that God is involved in every area of our lives, and that Christians in politics can help keep the country peaceful.

Another example is war. Some Christians say that ‘killing other humans is wrong’, while other Christians see war as a way of defending their wives, children, family and country from the ravages of tyrants.

Each of us must be persuaded in our own hearts as to where we stand on some things, but we must never try to twist the rules to suit our own fancies.

Have you ever seen an oyster-eating competition? Contestants gulp down oysters about one every three seconds. The Bible would call this excessive a form of greed, wasteful, glorying in the flesh, and if the contestants continued to eat food at this rate, it would be called gluttony – all sins to be avoided. But the ‘world’ glorifies eating competitions, (beer-swilling, pie-gulping, etc), and even awards prizes to the most successful food-gobblers, just as it tends to glorify all practises condemned by the Word of God. So where does the Christian fit into all this? That is not for me to say, but the reason this book was written was to help Christians ask the right questions about their lifestyle, and to move closer to the sort of lifestyle which pleases God more than it pleases the people of this world.

King Josiah.

In the Bible the story is told of a young king, who, on hearing the Law, was so enthusiastic to please God that he ordered the destruction of anything and everything which was not acceptable under the Law :

2 Kings 22:1-13. “Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign . . .and he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in all the way of David his father, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left.

And it came to pass in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, that . . . the king sent Shaphan . . . to repair the breaches of the house . . .

“And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it.

And Shaphan the scribe came to the king, and . . . showed the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest has delivered me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king.

And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent (tore) his clothes.

And the king commanded . . . saying,

Go, enquire of the LORD for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened to the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us.”

So upset was the king that he more or less ravaged the land, removing idols, destroying shrines, and stamping on every bit of idolatry he could find. He obliterated much of the external, physical material connected with idolatry, but unfortunately did almost nothing about the inner, hidden idolatry in the people’s hearts.

There is a sense in which this story applies to all Christians, but more especially to those who give their lives to Christ later in their lives. I say this because from the first years of life, right through to old age, the standards and beliefs of world hold sway over people’s minds. The work begins with secular childhood. Almost all the literature, music, toys and educational material for infants is secular, comprising fairy stories, fantasies (the Tooth fairy, Father Christmas, Mother Goose, Barney, Pokemon, Barbie, etc, etc) so that by the time the child is going to Primary School their heads are filled with everything BUT the Word of God. Of course there may have been the odd token Bible story thrown in, but even then, these inserts are not treated as God’s Word, but are presented, usually by unbelievers, as fairly equal to all other fairy stories. The ark is pictured as a toy, similar to a tug boat, and Jesus is portrayed as a sort of wizard, or magical man, whose life was interesting, but not relevant to today. There is no teaching about a global flood, or God’s wrath on sin, and the early chapters of Genesis are treated as mythical, on par with Aboriginal ‘dreamtime’ and other pagan beliefs.

State, or Public schooling is, by Charter, secular. This means that some Christian material may be available, but teachers are not permitted to teach the Bible, unless that teaching is part of a curriculum, i.e. Comparative religions, dictionary meaning of ‘miracle’, an essay on famous people which may include Jesus or Paul or some other Bible name, and history.

Into this thickly woven net of secularism and misinformation go the Bible-in-Schools workers and others, but even at the Primary school stage, many children have already been shaped and moulded too far for the Word of God to have anything but a superficial effect.

King Josiah is a type of the zealous, enthusiastic older Christian, who reads the Bible and then desires with all his or her heart to throw out anything and everything which offends God. Sometimes this means gradually working through a whole lifetime of nonsense, and bad habits. Sometimes it takes years to unlearn wrong attitudes. But this is the sort of conversion which produces world-changing Christians.

But whenever a person does a ‘Josiah’ job on their life, it also causes many problems. The world is content with Christians as long as they remain docile and submissive. The world will speak well of Christians, provided they swear (a little), smoke (occasionally), drink (along with the ‘boys’ at the pub from time to time), go to late-night ‘wild’ parties, talk dirty, watch every current movie regardless of its content, attend rock-concerts, dress down, follow the fashions of the day, and do all those other things to conform to whatever peer group they relate to. (These examples are not a criticism of any Christian. They are extremes which may apply to some and not to others).

What was happening in the land before King Josiah arrived on the scene? The people of the land were gradually but determinedly adopting all the heathen ways from the people around them. It was mainly one-way traffic too, because the heathen were not becoming godly Israelites at anywhere near the same rate.

This is exactly how it is in most cases today, except where a revival occurs. For example, a Christian attends a Public school, and finds that 99% of all his or her friends are non-Christians. The Christian is therefore outnumbered by about 100 to 1, and comes into the social pressure to conform to the majority. Sometimes but not always, under this pressure to conform, Christian ethics go out the window, language is downgraded, values alter, and soon the Christian may be so much like his or her unsaved classmates that there is no noticeable difference between the two.

As we know from Nature, a healthy apple is placed in a bowl of rotten fruit, the health never flows outward to the rotten fruit. It is far easier for something to rot, or degrade, than it is for it to grow healthier.

The world also hardly ever shows ‘mercy’ to Christians. It expects Christians to conform to its standards, but it resents very strongly any attempt by Christians to bring it into line with God’s standards. This is because the heart of Man is biased towards rebellion and self-determination. (Have you ever heard of a child which loved obeying its parents all the time?) Nobody enjoys having to obey external authority. Most people prefer to do what they want, and it is therefore an act of self-sacrifice on the part of the Christian, to bow before God and accept His ruling. By obeying God, Christians show that they are very unusual in this world.

There are so many examples of this rebellious bias it would fill several pages to mention them. Rebellion is an accepted part of life. Teenagers are renowned for it. We talk about the temper tantrums of toddlers. We expect it from them. Our prisons are full of rebels. Our schools practise discipline of many kinds every day because there are always children who break the rules. The whole legal profession exists mainly because of people’s refusal to obey the Ten Commandments or the laws of the land. Rebellion is built into our human make-up, and it either grows stronger or it hides itself rather cleverly, and continues almost secretly.

As children became adults, they learn more and more sophisticated ways of hiding their rebellion, until the real motives behind everything they do are almost undetectable. Adults, by and large, have mastered the art of hidden rebellion.

It would not have been easy for King Josiah to institute his reforms. Thousands of people would have resented his actions. Josiah went against the prevailing culture of his day, and destroyed many of the ‘valuable works of art’ and ‘cultural heritage sites’ of the land. Many of the temples and statues would have been highly prized, greatly admired and reverenced. Josh’s soldiers marched into ‘hallowed’ places and wrecked them. In the same way, it is not always easy to be a Christian in today’s world because many of the things (objects and beliefs) which the world values, are despised and shunned by Christians. This always causes offence, but in the end, it all boils down to the question : who do you want to please most?

Some examples of this principle follow :

The New Age minister.

I was invited, by an ordained Anglican minister, to an evening meeting. Two other men were there, and a machine called an encephalograph, which measures brain waves. The purpose of the meeting was to take turns attaching electrodes to our heads and then try to alter our brain wave pattern, in order to have “visions”. Having never come across this sort of thing before I was curious about whether this experiment was within the limits set in the Bible, and the more I heard, the less I was convinced that I should be a part of the experiment. As the first man tried to have a vision, and claimed to be seeing things ‘coming through the wall’ of the room, I told my hosts that I did not think this was ‘of the Holy Spirit’ and that I felt uncomfortable with what was happening, then I excused myself and went home.

” . . . the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it sees him not, neither knows him: but you know him; for he dwells with you, and shall be in you”. John 14:17

“But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceeds from the Father, he shall testify of me:” John 15:26

“Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth:” John 16:13

“We are of God: he that knows God hears us; he that is not of God hears not us. Hereby know we the spirit of truth, and the spirit of error”. 1 John 4:6

Spiritism

A woman once challenged me on the subject of life after death and people whom she considered to be modern ‘prophets’ one day. She told me I was stupid not to accept the evidence which these ‘prophets’ produced, such as being able to foretell the future, heal (at a distance and close up), diagnose illnesses and prescribe the correct treatment without medical training, contact the spirits, and see visions and wonders.

I told her that I believed only what the Bible said, even when it seemed that the ‘evidence’ contradicted the Bible. In other words, even if I saw a ghost and it spoke to me I would not believe that this ghost was the spirit of some dead person, still alive in another dimension.

The woman was so annoyed with me she gathered a heap of her books and asked me to read them, which I dutifully did, but I looked for the open statements by the ‘prophets’ which contradicted the Bible. In other words, I looked beyond the ‘miracles’ which these ‘prophets’ produced and found what their starting point, or basis of understanding was.

I found that these ‘prophets’ stated, in no uncertain terms, that “There was life after death in a spirit world”, that “Jesus was just one of many enlightened men”, that “Sin was just ignorance, or failure to understand something”, and “There is no final day of judgement”. There was also misinformation about angels, healing, religions and so on.

The woman took her books away and has never brought the subject up again.

“And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgement:” Hebrews 9:27

Creation in School.

I heard a story about a Bible-in-schools teacher, who had taken the class through the story of Creation, the Fall and was moving into the Flood. As the weeks went by, the children enjoyed the lessons, and the teachers in the room made no comment, but then she happened to mention the fact that the Genesis account was true. Instantly the school teacher expressed a mixture of surprise and scorn.

“You’re not telling me you actually believe all this stuff about Adam and Eve and Satan and a global flood do you?!”

Well of course she did. It was written there in the Bible, as history. Genesis is not the same as the Maori legends, or the Norse sagas, or the European fairy tales. Genesis is written in the matter-of-fact way of history, clear and simple.

“Then he said unto them, O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken:” Luke 24:25

“And he (Jesus) said unto them, ‘Have you not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female?” Matthew 19:4 If it was good enough for Jesus to take Genesis literally, it should be good enough for us too.

Play centre

I once offered to tell stories to the children in a Play centre. The women I spoke to were only too happy to allow this, but then I suggested that I tell them Bible stories. I was told “We are not allowed to teach the children religion”. I protested : “But Bible stories are not religion, they are history, on the same level as the travels of Captain Cook, or the American Civil War!”

The women were adamant so I left them to their Play centre, but the incident revealed several things. 1. Many people do not regard the Bible as anything but a pile of spiritual propaganda, and 2. Many people think that the Bible is a collection of unbelievable fairy tales. This means of course that ‘preaching the gospel’ is only one small part of the Christian work. The larger part is re-education of ignorant unbelievers.

“Your word is true from the beginning: and every one of thy righteous judgements endures for ever”. Psalm 119:160

A married couple.

I heard a sad comment from a married (Christian) man a while ago. He said that, when his marriage was going through a time of trouble, he and his wife went to see several marriage guidance people for advice. Most of the advice was for him and his wife to separate. There was no suggestion, he said, that he and his wife should work through the problems.

The Bible says that, in a Christian marriage, the covenant is meant to last the whole life, not be broken as soon as difficulties come along. The world’s advice is “split”, the Bible’s advice is “work through it”.

“Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing.

Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;” Ephesians 5:24,25

After a while it gradually dawns on many Christians that following Jesus involves entering into a conflict. In other words, true Christianity is war! There are no guns firing, or cannons thundering, and no battlefield full of holes, but it is war, and sometimes it is war to the death.

But as long as a person skates around the word “commitment” they remain safe from injury. The world makes no criticism of people who merely ‘go to church’, or who have flowery pictures on their walls by saint Someone. The world is not offended at all by a worldly Christian, because that kind of Christian is no threat to the world.

Many years ago I was invited to go to the movie “The Life of Brian’ by the Monty Python team. I was at Polytech at the time and it seemed that the whole class was going, but I declined. Instantly I was cross-examined by curious students.

“On one level” I said to them, “I can see that the movie is very funny. I enjoy the humour of some ordinary man being mistaken for the Messiah, and I appreciate the absurdity of it, but on another level I find the movie very offensive, because it makes a mockery of the Son of God. Personally I could not sit through such a movie without having to first put my conscience outside on the street.”

For my stand against the movie I gained some respect, but the distance increased between myself and the other students, because I was different from them. I didn’t run with them to the world’s attractions. As Jesus said, “If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me.” Luke 9:23

The origin of rebellion

When God created the universe and the world, there was no rebellion in heaven. All the angels, and all the other created life-forms were in harmony with God’s will, and joy reverberated between God and His creatures. But one angel, Lucifer, was not happy with the position he had been given. It was a form of ‘job dissatisfaction’. Lucifer wanted a promotion, right up to the throne of God.

“How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how you are cut down to the ground, which did weaken the nations!

For you have said in your heart, ‘I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit . . . I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High”. Isaiah 14:12-14

God expelled Lucifer, along with the other angels who joined the rebellion, and sent them to earth, where Adam and Eve had just taken up residency. On hearing that Adam and Eve would be killed if they disobeyed God, Lucifer seduced Eve and Adam into questioning God’s word, and thereby brought about the ‘Fall of Man’. This rebellion of Man’s affected the whole of Creation, and produced a race of humans which was inherently rebellious.

From the moment when Lucifer rebelled, to the moment when Adam stood by and allowed his wife to eat from the forbidden tree, a war has been raging. At times this war seems to be so mild as to not be almost unnoticeable, at other times it has been violent and fierce – such as when the Roman Catholic persecutions took place across Europe and in Britain. Every conflict of man has its roots in this war between Satan and God. Every war, every trouble, every argument, every religious battle, every personal difficulty.

Some of these troubles are indirectly caused by the war, because all Creation was degraded as a punishment – storms, earthquakes, floods, sickness, ageing, death, etc. Other troubles are a more direct result of the war – depression, suicide, gossip, brawls, drunkenness, etc. The principle is clear – this world is better or worse in proportion to the amount of obedience or disobedience it shows towards its Maker.

How much influence does Satan have in this world? Immense. But he has only so much influence as people will give him. If all the world refused to follow Satan, he would have no influence.

“And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceives the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him”. Revelation 12:9

“Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now works in the children of disobedience:

Among whom also we all had our conversation (lifestyle) in times past in the lusts (desires) of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others”. Ephesians 2:2,3

“And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will”. 2 Timothy 2:26

From these verses we can see that, unless we make a deliberate, conscious effort to reject error, we will spend our whole lives being led about by the Devil. This is where the warfare comes in. It is a battle for the mind, because the mind is the door to the heart. When Satan deceives a person’s thinking, he captures the whole person. The way to defeat the devil therefore, is to have a right understanding of God’s Word – in other words, to know the truth.

The Whole Armour of God.

In Ephesians, Paul describes a soldier in terms of a fully-armed Christian. Many drawings based on this passage of Scripture show the Christian as a rather glorified Roman soldier with a broadsword, but the truth is that this description is more of the foot-soldier, with a short dagger-like knife, with leather sandals.

“Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil.” This word “wiles” ought to alert us as to the nature of the war. A “wile” is a stratagem, or trick, or method of luring someone away.

For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places”.

Again, we have a warning here that, while we do wrestle against flesh and blood, in the sense that we write letters to and speak to real people, ‘behind the scenes’ are the spiritual entities which operate these flesh and blood people. Unsaved people are more like puppets than anything. Satan pulls the strings and they jiggle.

When Christians are treated unjustly, beaten up, slandered, libelled, and treated badly by the unsaved, it not because the unsaved are even interested in them – it is more a matter of Satan trying to destroy the Christian’s life. Jesus himself looked at the Pharisees and said “They knownot what they do” (Luke 23:34). The unsaved aren’t even aware of what they are doing most of the time. Like blind people, they stumble and grope through life, with no idea where they are going, why they are here, or what they are here for.

“And now, brethren, I understand that through ignorance you did it, (crucified Jesus) as did also your rulers”. Acts 3:17

“And the times of this ignorance God winked at (= overlooked without judging); but now commands all men every where to repent:” Acts 17:30

“Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart” Ephesians 4:18

“As obedient children, not fashioning yourselves according to the former lusts (desires) in your ignorance” 1 Peter 1:14

“For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men” 1 Peter 2:15

“Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.

Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with (1.) truth, and having on the breastplate of (2.) righteousness;

And your feet shod with the preparation of (3.) the gospel of peace;

Above all, taking the (4.) shield of faith, wherewith you shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked.

And take the helmet of (5.) salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is (6.) the word of God:

Praying always with all (7.) prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and (8.) watching with all perseverance and supplication for all saints”. Ephesians 6:11-18

These weapons are probably not listed in order of importance, but it is interesting that “truth” comes first. Without truth, all the other weapons would not function properly. This can be seen in the case of a cult, where some truth and some error are mixed together, producing peculiar behaviour. (i.e. the Exclusive Brethren claim to be Christians, but they are so exclusive they repel the very people whom God invites into the Church, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormons are much the same) or in the case of some extreme Pentecostals, who put “faith” higher than “the word of God”, or in the case of some naive but well-meaning Christians who think that all they need to win souls is John 3:16 and no more than that.

Most lists are made up to 7 parts. I like to add “watching” because it means literally “lying sleepless”, in other words, being ‘awake’ all the time to what is going on. Prayer should therefore be mixed with wisdom. This means that Christians are supposed to listen and watch and analyse the culture, or whatever they are praying about – world events, social changes, fashions, philosophies, ideas. Paul showed how much he understood on Mars Hill, when he was able to tune into his audience because he understood ‘where they were coming from’. Jesus was able to speak correctly to the Jewish leaders and also to the Jewish common people because he knew about their attitudes and beliefs. Watching is a way to understanding. This is why watching comes with the seventh part of the armour – a Christian who prays without understanding may be wasting his or her breath. Perhaps this is why Jesus forbade Christians from using “vain repetitions”?

“Blessed is the man that hears me (Wisdom), watching daily at my gates, waiting at the posts of my doors.” Proverbs 8:34

“Blessed are those servants, whom the lord when he comes shall find watching”. Luke 12:37

Much has already been written (and preached) about the armour of God, and there are many fine lessons available, but one area I would like to focus on for a moment is the “loins girt about with truth”. What is truth? Some Christians glibly say “Jesus is truth”, but if that was all truth was, there would be little use for imagination, logic, reasoning, curiosity, appreciation of Nature, wonder and the capacity to learn!

Truth is a wide term. It means accurate. It means consistent with all the evidence. It means trustworthy. It encompasses all things, but it excludes anything which contradicts. The study of truth could use up a lifetime, and the application of truth could change the world.

Satan, of course, is opposed to any truth which puts him at a disadvantage. Satan wants people to believe anything which works against God. This is why Satan has developed the Theory of Evolution, which has its roots further back than Greece. This is why Satan has spawned several alternative religions, which all contain some of the principles of Christianity, but not enough truth to lead a person to the True God. Satan has also produced cults, (Mormons, JW’s, Worldwide Church of God, etc) weird philosophies (UFO’s, Flat Earth, Hollow Earth, Atlantis, Crystals,) witchcraft (for the women) and black magic (for the men), and a wide variety of other ‘custom-built’ distractions.

Jesus called Satan the father, or originator, of lies. “You (Pharisees etc) are of your father the devil, and the lusts (desires) of your father you will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it”. John 8:44

Satan’s co-conspirators, the other fallen angels (also called demons), have been busy through the history of the Church -

“Now the Spirit speaks expressly, that in the latter times (that is between AD30 and the return of Christ) some (Christians) shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils” 1 Timothy 4:1. This verse shows that even from within Christian fellowships there will come seductive, attractive lies, and teaching which is opposed to what the Bible says.

Doctrines of devils.

To single out the Roman church here is not really fair, because there have been many other departures from the truth from within the Church down through the centuries. The only reason I choose it here is because it is so easy to use as an illustration.

The Roman church, which pulled away from the Early Church about 300 AD, has taught celibacy despite the fact that the Scriptures allow all Christians to marry should they wish to. It has also taught Mary-worship, relic-worship, image-worship, saint-worship, pilgrimages, almsgiving, penance, formalism, ceremonialism, processions, absolutions, masses and blind obedience to priests. It has taught the use of Rosary beads, purgatory, and the supremacy of the Pope. It has promoted the ranks of Bishops, Abbots, Friars, Priests, Monks and Nuns. It has imposed military rule over kings and people who would not bow to the Pope. It has demonstrated extreme greed for wealth. It has produced Jesuit murderers and Crusades against unbelievers, both in Palestine and across Europe and in Britain. It opposed the Reformation with the fury of royal edicts and the mighty Spanish Armada. At the hands of the Roman church -which still claims to be the one true Church – some 50 million people were killed because they would not join. As well as this it has adopted many pagan symbols, manners, rituals and ideas. In short, the Roman church is a wonderful example of how Satan can propagate lies.

Legalism

One of the most damaging influences to the Church has been the rise of legalism. This happens when one or a few Christians decide that a certain rule must be kept by themselves and all other Christians. The rule or rules chosen are usually misinterpreted, or taken out of context. The result is a deadening of the life within the Church. Two out of many examples of legalism are : Sabbath-keeping and Tithing. I chose these two because they serve as a sort of template to illustrate how all legalism works.

Sabbath-keeping.

There are some who think that Christians ought to keep the Old Testament Sabbath law as described in Ex.20.

One reason why I believe Christians are not required to keep the Old Testament Sabbath (our Saturday) is because the Sabbath is just one small part of the whole Sabbath law system. There is also the sabbath for the land, (every seventh year the land was to be rested), and the multiple of seven for the year of Jubilee (the 50th year was a year for releasing all debt and returning people to their lands, and also making new arrangements for the lease or use of buildings). Lev. 25:8-10.

Now if Christians are required to keep the day sabbath, then they ought to, logically, keep all the laws connected to it. Let me explain.

Imagine finding a reasonably large log of wood in a paddock. Imagine picking the log up, with the intention of keeping taking it home, but finding that three other logs are tied by a strong rope to the log you are holding. You decide to take the log away, dragging the extra three, but now you discover that to each of the three logs are more strong ropes, all tied to many more logs. You use all your strength to pull all these logs, but now you find that every log has more logs attached, until you see that more than 600 logs are all tied to the first one. The load is now immense, and quite impossible to move, as it entails dragging the entire paddock of logs away!

This is how keeping the sabbath operates. As Jesus said, the only way one can obtain eternal life by your own efforts is by keeping the commandments. But when anyone tries to do this, they find it utterly impossible. Every attempt to keep the Law leads the person who tries into more and more effort, until they find that they must give up. The Law is one whole system, made of many parts, all connected by strong ropes.

“And, behold, one came and said to him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?

And he said to him, Why do you call me good? there is none good but one, that is, God: but if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.

He said to him, Which? Jesus said, You shall do no murder, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not steal, You shall not bear false witness,

Honour your father and your mother: and, You shall love your neighbour as thyself.

The young man said unto him, All these things have I kept from my youth up: what lack I yet?

Jesus said unto him, If you want to be perfect, go and sell that you have and give to the poor, and you shall have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me.

But when the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful: for he had great possessions”. Matthew 19:16

The young man found that, although he kept the ten commandments, at least outwardly, and to the letter, there was a log attached to the last one (You shall not covet) which convicted him of sin. In his heart, he was covetous, that is greedy for more than he needed. Jesus went past the letter to the thought-life and conscience. In a similar way, the man may have come to Jesus and claimed to be keeping the sabbath, so Jesus could have asked him if he let the land rest every seventh year. To every law another law is always attached.

There are several other good reasons why I cannot accept the sabbath-keeper’s teaching. One is the matter of work by implication.

Part of the Law on sabbaths says that people are not to work (that is, work for money, as in a normal weekday job) on that day, yet even when people do not work, they still require others to remain in employment. For example the men and women who maintain the hydro-electric power stations.

Another problem I have with sabbath-keeping is the disregard of the implications of the resurrection. The early church honoured what we call Sunday because it marked the day when Jesus rose from the grave. The resurrection set the stage for a whole new start for creation. With the resurrection came the ushering in of the “latter days” which include the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on all believers, the promise of eternal life, the destruction of Satan, the prospect of an end to death, and extinction of all Satan’s followers, and the re-creation of all that is fallen. The “new creation” began with the resurrection, which will lead to glory, everlasting righteousness, life, health and untold riches in Christ . . . yet sabbath-keepers would have us go back to the old ways, the Law, the “shadows of things to come”.

Put in artistic terms, this is like scraping the painting off and admiring the sketch. Architecturally, this is like pulling the house down and admiring the foundations. Musically, this is like evicting the orchestra and listening to the composer hum the music.

Some sabbath laws :

“And you shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubilee unto you; and you shall return every man unto his possession, and you shall return every man unto his family”. Leviticus 25:10

“You shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy to you: every one that defiles it shall surely be put to death: for whoever does any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people”. Exodus 31:14

“Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD: whoever does any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death”. Exodus 31:15

“You shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations (homes) on the sabbath day”. Exodus 35:3

“Six years you shall sow thy field, and six years you shalt prune thy vineyard, and gather in the fruit thereof;

But in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbath for the LORD: you shall neither sow your field, nor prune your vineyard.

That which grows of its own accord of your harvest you shall not reap, neither gather the grapes of your vine undressed: for it is a year of rest to the land. . .

And you shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years . . .to forty nine years.

Then shall thou cause the trumpet of the jubilee to sound . . . and you shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land . . . and you shall return every man to his possession . . . and every man to his family.

A jubilee shall that fiftieth year be to you: you shall not sow, neither reap that which grows of itself, nor gather the grapes in it of your vine”. Leviticus 25:3

“And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day”. Numbers 15:32. This man was tried and put to death.

“Neither carry forth a burden out of your houses on the sabbath day, neither do any work, but hallow the sabbath day”. Jeremiah 17:22

The above verses demonstrate how legalism would quickly stifle Christianity, and reduce it to the level of the Pharisees and Sadducees, whose well-meaning quest in life seems to have been the keeping of God’s Law – to the letter.

It was the religious leaders, the sabbath-keepers who hounded Jesus everywhere He went. It was they who objected to his disciples eating corn, and to the many acts of mercy and healing which Jesus did on sabbath days. Is this the kind of Christianity the world needs?

What sabbath-keepers, and all legalists miss is the fact that Jesus has ushered in a New Age. The resurrection left the sabbath law dead and buried, in the sense that the mere letter of the sabbath law has no hold on those who have risen (by faith) with Jesus.

But there is another, less legalistic form of sabbath-keeping. That is the Sunday-keeper! Despite all the New Testament teaching on freedom to worship, and home-churches, and love, and allowing your brother or sister in Christ to walk freely before God, there are still Christians who cling to the old forms, and who expect all Christians to ‘go to church’ on Sundays. This, they think, is the way it has been done for generations, therefore this is how it should always be done. It seems the longer something continues, the more likely it is that it will be set in concrete.

“Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holiday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days”. Colossians 2:16

“Conscience, I say, not your own, but of the other: for why is my liberty judged of another man’s conscience?” 1 Corinthians 10:29

“Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. 2 Corinthians 3:17

“And that because of false brethren unawares brought in, who came in privily (secretly) to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage”. Galatians 2:4

“Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage”. Galatians 5:1

“So speak, and so do, as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty”. James 2:12

“While they promise them liberty, they themselves are the servants of corruption: for of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage”. 2 Peter 2:19

Does this mean the Law of God is abolished?

The answer to this question has to be “No” because without the Law, there would be no other standard available by which God could judge the world. He has already given Man a conscience, and written the moral laws on Man’s heart, and He has sent Jesus the perfect Example, but Man must also have access to a written Law, otherwise the scales of justice could be tilted unfairly in God’s favour.

Suppose you came driving through a city, and suddenly you were pulled up for breaking some obscure road rule which operated only along one street of the city? You would feel that a real injustice had occurred. But if, as you entered the city, you were given a sheet of paper with all the road rules for that city on it, you would have to take responsibility for your infringement.

In the same way, God has provided His Law, so that, for those who were able to read it, God’s Legal Standard of perfection was available.

Having said all this we ought to consider what use the Law is.

First it is God’s standard, by which He judges all people who have access to it. The Law is a mirror, in which people see their true state. It is asword to cut through hypocrisy and deception, revealing the inner sin, and bringing sinners to a sense of unrighteousness. As a tool in a Christian’s hand, it can be a powerful weapon, bringing complacent and apathetic people to a sense of their need for salvation.

On the other hand, Christians are not expected to keep the Sabbath Law. They have been set free of its demands, not to become lawless, but to practise a much higher level of living. To the Christian, any and every day may be a day of rest. All days are the Sabbath, or none are, to the Christian. The sabbath was originally made for man – Mark 2:27,28 – and not man for the sabbath. It was instituted to prevent one Israelite from working another Israelite to death. It was brought in to alleviate poverty and financial stress. It was instituted to stop people from being dispossessed of their land. Christians should never need to be forced into doing all these things – it should be a normal, Christian heart-response to care for workers, to rest, to alleviate financial stress, and to help people regain their property.

Christians are not required by the Law to attend church every Sunday either, since every day may be a Sunday to them, and all days are equally God’s – for work or worship, fellowship or travel, socialising or study, fasting or feasting – even for sport. The only injunction which Christians are required to keep is fellowship with each other, learning the Word, and helping each other :

“And they continued steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers”. Acts 2:42

“Be not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship has righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion has light with darkness?” 2 Corinthians 6:14

“Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as you see the day approaching”. Hebrews 10:25

Sabbatarians are similar to the legalistic Jews who tried to make Christians have themselves circumcised - see Galatians – Paul was firmly against this. Circumcision, like the log of wood in the paddock, was just one part of a huge integrated legal system which would have burdened Christians with an impossible load, had they tried to pick it up. So we see that there are many ways back into the Law, but the remedy is always the same.

God’s remedy to legalism is the finished work of Jesus Christ, which He accomplished on the cross and completed through the resurrection, all of which speaks to us of God’s grace – His unmerited, unearned, undeserved favour to us sinners.

The second example of legalism is Tithing.

One of the leading teachers of tithing used to be an American evangelist called Oral Roberts. He would send colourful pamphlets to people all round the world urging them to give money to his work, and he always attached the following promise from the Bible :

Malachi 3:8 Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed me. But ye say, Wherein have we robbed thee? In tithes and offerings.

“You are cursed with a curse: for you have robbed me, even this whole nation.

Bring all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in My house, and prove me now, says the LORD of hosts, if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive it.

And I will rebuke the devourer for your sakes, and he shall not destroy the fruits of your ground; neither shall your vine cast her fruit before the time in the field, saith the LORD of hosts”. Malachi 3:9-11

The teaching was clear – if people tithed, that is gave money to Oral Roberts, they would automatically receive health, prosperity, and even more money. It was even suggested that if one gave ten dollars to God ( i.e. Oral Roberts) one would receive one hundred!

This prosperity legalism appealed to many people, and Mr. Robert’s multi-million dollar empire grew and expanded, doing much good and helping many thousands . . . but was the teaching about tithing realistic?

First of all, I do not want to cast aspersions on God’s Word. I have no doubt that the promise in Malachi is reliable, but who was it addressed to, and why?

The Old Testament tithing laws were originally given to Israel, and they were not a separate group of laws all by themselves, but an integrated part of the whole Law. They operated by obedience and faith. The obedience part was performed by the body of the Israelite, and the faith part by his or her heart. It took faith to tithe. It didn’t seem reasonable that by giving something away one might gain more - a typical example of how God challenges our natural reasoning!

But where was the tithe supposed to go?

“When you have made an end of tithing all the tithes of your increase the third year, which is the year of tithing, and have given it to the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that they may eat within thy gates, and be filled . . .” Deuteronomy 26:12

Numbers 18 explains that the Levites were to receive the tithes of the “heave offering”, and keep one tenth, the remaining nine tenths went to Aaron the high priest.

So under the law, there was a strict division between the Levites and the High priest, and the tithes consisted mainly of food (animals, and crops).

This is a far cry from the teaching of Oral Roberts, who expected money for his work (however noble) and who promised (guaranteed) financial prosperity to those who supported him. To many people it sounded like some sort of financial investment, backed up by God, who became trapped by His own legal process, and was forced to multiply to all who tithed a fabulous rate of interest.

There are several other offshoots of legalism in the Church.

A short list of actual statements (condensed and simplified) which people have said to me :

Only red wine (Greek – ‘yayin’ = wine containing alcohol) must be used at Communion

One cup, not several must be used at Communion

Someone must always say grace before every meal

Women must wear hats when they sit in a church building

Men must always take their hats off whenever they pray (even in a blizzard!)

Every time a fellowship meets there must be singing

Christians must attend church every Sunday

You are not a real Christian unless you “speak in tongues”

You must start each day with a “Quiet Time”

The Pastor is the head of the church

One tenth of your income must be given to the church

You cannot be saved unless you are baptised in water

You must not play competitive sport on Sunday

All children in a fellowship must attend Sunday school

The Bible must never be presented in cartoon form

The King James Bible is the only really accurate translation

You must never place the Bible on the floor

You must not make notes in the pages of your Bible

Legalism, unfortunately, seems to be a part of human nature. The longer people do something, the more likely it is that they will make rules to protect whatever they are doing, and eventually the rules become barriers to innovation. This is why so many branches of the Church seem to be way behind the times. The same old hymn books, the same old hymns, the same old order of service, the same old . . . People? Traditions harden and the entire fellowship, which used to be relevant to the people of its time, becomes a curiosity, like a slice of the past preserved in a Museum.

Which brings us back to the reason for this book – we ought to be careful about where we draw the line. How much tradition will we allow into our Christian life? How many rules have we accepted which are not in the Bible? How free are we? Have we drawn lines where they didn’t need to be drawn, and by doing so have we unnecessarily alienated ourselves from the unsaved word.

In the case of Jesus it was the religious leaders – the ones with all the extra rules – who opposed the Son of God. Are we in danger of doing the same thing, when we ignore the freedom we have been given, and cling instead to Man-made rules? Is some of the Church today actually an impediment and an obstacle to God, just as the well-meaning, zealous, religious leaders were to Jesus?

Christianity.

There are many books on this topic. Many large, thoroughly written books. But they all say much the same thing - Christianity is huge!

However there are many Christians who cannot see much further than the end of their nose. The narrowest version of Christianity, the version they expound, is John 3:16, where ‘getting saved’ and ‘getting someone to start attending church’ is the ultimate goal of conversion. How pathetically small this goal is. I much prefer the other version. The big version of Christianity is as large as the whole world, and as full of variety as the whole kingdom of Nature.

By way of illustrating this, just take a few moments to flick through the Old Testament Law. There are over six hundred laws in the books of Moses, and they apply to things as varied as public hygiene, building standards, trade and commerce, dress codes, sewage, wandering stock, accident compensation, insurance, property rights, menstruation, population control, marriage, education, sickness, making promises, agriculture, treatment of foreigners, the military, wills and inheritances, and land management. In fact, there is not a single activity which humans do which is not touched on somehow by the Law of the Lord.

For a national entity, such as Israel, the Law of the Lord would have elevated those people to the highest possible status in the world – if they had kept it.

“The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple”. Psalm 19:7

The Law of the Lord was given to a nation, not to the Church, so it is to be taken nationally, not spiritually. Christians are told to set their hearts on being like Jesus, and, if enough people did this we would end up with a Theocracy. But at present we in the West have a Democracy, which means that the majority – usually non-Christian – controls the law of the land. This law allows many things which are totally opposed to God – such as abortion. If our country was a Theocracy we would not have a huge number of things which we presently tolerate as ‘normal’. This is one of the strongest arguments for Christians being involved in politics.

The Law of the Lord is divided into three sections :

1. Ecclesiastical laws (the sacrifices and offerings for sin)

2. Moral laws (obedience, doing the right thing,)

3. Civil laws (basic, practical rules – building codes, agriculture, etc)

Jesus has already fulfilled number 1. His death on the cross ended for ever the need for sacrifices, because He Himself was the Final Sacrifice for all sin for all time.

2. and 3. Are still relevant to a nation, and wherever the Law of the Lord is kept, even partially, the resulting blessings still come. Does this mean that Christians should keep the Law? Of course not. But the Law is still relevant because it contains principles which would benefit any nation which applied them.

Take for example the fact that the Land, according to the Bible, belongs to God. Today the State owns it, and people have to pay money year by year for the use of it.

Another example is Family Inheritance. People today frequently have to sell up and leave, never to return, but the Law says that people may return to their land, and keep it in the family for ever. This would prevent the monopolists from destroying whole communities by buying everything up.

The Law demands that foreigners be treated fairly and with the same respect as the citizens of the country. This would have helped the North American Indians, the Maoris, the Southern Blacks, the Aborigines and many others.

The Law allows poor people to glean food from the fields of farmers. The poor were allowed to take what they could carry, but no more. This would alleviate much of the hunger in the world.

The Law forbids exorbitant interest being charged, and, after a certain number of years, all debts to be forgiven. This would prevent the recurrent debt crises which plagues many countries.

The Law forbids the eating of fat or blood. Doctors today warn against consumption of fat and some warnings have gone out about the possible dangers of eating blood. Food, we are told, must be cooked properly. The Law forbids the eating of animals found dead, such as a cattle beast found in a paddock. Today we are regularly warned about food poisoning (salmonella, botulism).

The Law requires that all sewage be buried away from human habitation. This would have prevented a huge number of deaths due to rats, fleas, and bacteria spreading through early towns – such as London, which used to have an open sewer running down the centre of the streets.

In many practical, sensible ways, the Law of the Lord is good for a nation, but if anyone suggests that Christians are expected to keep the Law, the answer still has to be “No”. The Law is available as a guide, or a list of suggestions, or principles, to all. We may take it or leave it. We may suffer some consequences if we ignore the Law, but we are not bound to keep it, and we will not be judged by it.

So, if someone tells you that you must “keep the Law” (or some part of it), you must draw the line and tell them you are saved by grace, and not by the works of the Law.

“For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ”. John 1:17

“But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them tokeep the law of Moses.

And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.

And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said . . . God put(s) no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts (too) by faith.

Now therefore why tempt you God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they”. Acts 15:5-11

Where the Lines are Drawn.

Every now and then an issue comes along which stirs Christians enough to get a few of them voicing their opinions. This has been happening from the very beginning of the Church – it is not a new thing to protest. The very name Protestant comes from the act of protesting.

At the beginning of the Church, there were disputes about whether Christians should be circumcised, whether Christians should eat meat or be vegetarian, and the position of truth in regard to various cults and religions. Colossians, for example, was written partly to defend Christianity from a philosophy based on knowledge. Galatians raised the issue of circumcision. Hebrews was aimed at the subject of the sacrificial system. Other New Testament books raise smaller issues, such as the place of women in marriage and in the church, leadership, gifts, the place of the Holy Spirit and so on. Controversy has always been a part of Christianity, and so it should be, because God is trying to establish His Kingdom on a planet overrun by His enemies. God has declared war on Satan, and the battle is fierce and violent.

It is not for me to say what anyone should believe, or where they should stand on any issue. This book is meant to be a stimulant, to help the reader sort out the issues for him or herself, and decide where the line should be drawn. I apologise if I inadvertently impose my own point of view, and I encourage the reader to take an opposite view if they think that is more reasonable.

The following is a short list, not in any particular order, of some of the areas in which Christians are involved in today’s world. In some cases the issues seem fairly ‘black and white’, while in others there is some leeway for alternative views.

In virtually every area of debate there are always people who hold different views about the same thing. Sometimes this is because of ignorance of the subject, at other times it is because of hidden motives, such as a desire to hold on to a tradition. Other reasons include fear of change, fear of having to back down and admit error – which springs from pride. Some people hold views because other people hold them, or because they find it difficult to make the time to actually think things through. Children commonly hold the views of their parents simply because they trust their parent’s judgement. Another reason is because the human heart is inherently rebellious so it is biased against accepting God’s Word on a matter – many Christians cling to error because they are still rebelling against God.

What this boils down to quite often is this :

1. There may be two or more very different views, all held by sincere Christians,

2. There may be two or more views which are, in some aspects, all correct,

3. Time and culture may have a lot to do with where a Christian stands.

As an example of 1. Take the case of Christians and war. Some Christians say it is wrong to “kill”, citing the 10 commandments. ( in the context “kill” means “murder”, but it comes to the same thing). On the other hand, some Christians believe that if they put a uniform on and march for a country’s welfare, they are doing the right thing. Two opposite views, both right.

As an example of 2. There is the matter of women and their role in the world. Some women have professional jobs, stay single, and avoid men, while others see their goal in life as being married and staying home to mind the children. Between these two activities there are many variations, and there are also many opinions, but for the women who make the choices it is between them and God.

As an example of 3. Take the case of pipe-smoking. In Western countries it is not seen as acceptable for a Christian to smoke, but in some European countries pipe-smoking is so much a part of the culture that it is not uncommon to see all the men come out of a church service and light up their pipes as they socialise. Some Scripture stands against this practice, but for the men involved it is not considered wrong.

All the following subjects have similar variations. Each of us must be persuaded in our own hearts as to whether what we are doing is pleasing to God.

Wealth

There is nothing wrong with being wealthy. Wealth is neutral, by itself – just so much land or money. But in the wrong hands wealth can be used for evil. Abraham, Solomon and king David were all wealthy, yet they walked close to God. Christians with wealth may provide well for their family and friends, support Christian work, help the poor. Wealth may be inherited or earned. Obviously, wealth gained through theft or some other form of sinful practise, is illegitimate. The Bible says that the best way to get wealth is to work hard for it.

Work Ethics

Whatever we do, we ought to do it as if we were doing it for Jesus. We may be self-employed or work for a boss, but above ourselves, and above the boss stands the Lord, who watches and listens as we apply our energy to the task. This means that we ought to always do our best, work the correct hours, keep our conversation within the limits of Christian standards and put whatever we do in the right context. Work should never be more important to us than the Lord, and if we are married, the wife (and children) must never be neglected because of the work.

Conversation

People should know by the things we say, and the things we don’t say, that we are Christians. Our office or studio or home should reflect our standards (no pinups, or rude, witty proverbs). What we talk about (no gossip or slander) should witness to people that we have a Judge to answer to one day.

Gambling

(See Work Ethics) The Bible says that the best way to get wealth is by hard work. This means there are only two ways to get wealth for most people, either by selling a skill, or selling an article, or both. Gambling is something poor people go for more than rich people, because the ‘lucky draw’ offers happiness to them. Stupidly they spend so much on gambling they could have helped themselves a lot more if they had kept the money. (A Lotto winner spent $120,000 trying to win another big prize, but he gained only $11,000.) Saving and investing are also useful but slow ways to gain wealth provided they are done with good advice.

Fitness

Some people make fitness one of, if not the major goal of their life. Their fitness becomes a taskmaster who is never satisfied. Overweight people do workouts and aerobics to become slim – usually they are battling against their problem with overeating too. The Bible says that it is good to be fit, but only fit enough to go about doing the work God has called us into. The pursuit of fitness is an unattainable butterfly, because all of Nature is subject to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, that is all complex systems are breaking down into less complex systems. All of Nature demonstrates this – birth, growth, ageing, sickness, deterioration, death, dissolution. The human body is no different from any other living thing, so it is a waste of time trying to reach perfect fitness with a body which is heading for the scrap heap anyway.

God has given us life and energy and mobility for a good reason. He means us to live for Him, but most people seem to think that fitness is meant only for self-indulgence. Athletics and outdoor pursuits, to name but two activities, consume many people’s lives, with the result that they achieve many things, win medals, conquer mountains, etc, but in the end (the Bible says) its what we do for Jesus that counts.

This is not to say that athletics is wrong, and that fitness is sinful. There are many Christians in sport, athletics and the Fitness Industry, who witness in their chosen field.

An interesting question to ask, in this context, is “What exactly is competition?” Because competition is involved in every fitness pursuit – either in terms of a person beating their best time, or overcoming their own limitations, or in terms of beating other competitors – does not competition boil down to a matter involving pride? Pride is a sin. Pride says “I am better than . . .” And pride can lead to jealousy, anger, dishonesty, cheating, lying and distortion of values. Christians ought to be very careful when they compete that they are not chasing pride.

The Arts

This includes dance, music, sculpture, drama, movie-production, writing, painting and drawing. There are Christians in all these fields, doing their best for Jesus, but there are still Biblical standards which remain the same regardless of what area of the Arts they are in. (See Philippians 4:8) and see Conversation and Work Ethics.

In whatever field Christians work they should always try to honour the Lord. This presents a very difficult choice at times. There are Christians in drama who find they have to say foul words because of the script – it is either that or quit. The same applies to dance – some dances are grotesque, rude and ugly. Some art is equally obscene. Each Christian must decided for him or herself whether what they are doing is honouring the Lord.

Politics

Some Christians say the Church is a ‘spiritual’ thing and that it should therefore keep away from any ‘political’ system. They say that it is not the Church’s business to meddle with the running of the nation. They say that Christians ought to stick to preaching the gospel, and not even try to improve any of the unsaved world’s affairs.

This view is of course contradicted by the life of Jesus, who challenged the religious and therefore political leaders of his day, who refused to speak to Herod, who soundly redressed Pilate, and whose followers set about to change the whole Roman Empire. In the West through history there have been many Christians in politics, (i.e. Wilberforce). It has always been very difficult for them, labouring as they usually have under the prevailing democratic systems, but their presence has often been very important. If our present Government was run by only Christians we would not end up with a puritanical, Pharisaical country, with everyone forced to go to church and say prayers, and listen to missionaries on the radio every hour . . . that is the absurd picture which ignorant people paint. The reality is, we would remain a democracy as long as the majority of people in the country chose to be non-Christians, most other things would remain the same, perhaps Creationism would be taught in all schools alongside of Evolutionism, and probably the media would have a lot more Christian input, but it is not certain even that such things as the abuse of tobacco, booze and the level of abortions would be much different. Democracies work like that. All Christians can do is work within the system as an influence for good, not force people to ‘become Christians’.

Science

All science is the gathering of information and the application of knowledge. Some of this knowledge is used to produce useful things, while most of it is stored as raw data. Like money, science in itself is neutral. Discoveries are made and utilised either for good or for harm.

It was science which produced bombs, poisons, biological weapons, tanks, missiles and the bullet. It was also science which produced the oven, the toaster and the electric fan, the bicycle, the bus and the fly swat.

For Christians, the practise of science is an exciting way of uncovering the wonders and marvels of God’s Creation, and of applying that wisdom to helping people. Science reveals, in every instance of design, confirmation that before Man arrived on the scene, God had already gone before, building into everything He made inherent wisdom and beauty.

Space Exploration

Some Christians say Man should leave Space alone and concentrate on helping the world. All that money, they say, should have been spent on food, clothing and housing. What is the use, they say, of a moon base, or an orbiting space station, or a Hubble space telescope? These things, they say, are irrelevant and of no practical use to humans here on earth.

Other Christians however hold very different views. There are, they say, hundreds of useful, beneficial products which have come as spin-offs from the Space Program. There is also the promise of new materials, drugs and even new, useful foods coming to earth as a result of space work, not to mention the satellite system which helps people find minerals, and locate people in distress. Telecommunications has opened up the InterNet and global positioning. Billy Graham, not long ago, used the global system to preach to people all around the world. Through the InterNet the Creation message and the Gospel are being broadcast to millions, not to mention other Christian sites and outreaches.

Through the Hubble, more of the wonders of God’s creation have been revealed, and through other space ventures the amazing solar system has been explored, bring to us all a greater appreciation of God’s love towards tiny planet earth.

Mankind was created originally to have “dominion” over all the works of God’s hands (Psalm 8:6) which includes the solar system, so there seems to be the potential for Mankind to explore and even colonise one or two of the planets.

Teaching

Teachers may, perhaps, be the most influential people in the world. Teachers include those who work in schools, but also parents to their children, leaders in groups and clubs, advertisers (teaching their products), and all the people who work in the Media, from actors in movies, to news presenters. Teaching is a wide and extensive work, employing millions of people. In fact, in some way, and at some time, everyone who ever lived has been a teacher.

Teaching is never neutral. The moment someone opens their mouth to pass some information along, they are teaching.

Christians ought to be extremely sensitive to what they teach. By their words and actions, Christians are like “open books” to the watching world, whether they work formally in a school, or informally in a gathering of friends at a social occasion.

All teaching should, in a perfect world, flow downwards from the Bible, since the Bible is the only true and sensible basis on which to base any truth.

Dress

Christians are given a general code of dress in 1Pet.3:1-4. The code is general because cultures are subject to continual change, and what may be acceptable to one generation may not be acceptable to another. The main principle is humility. Women are not to show off their welath, or to wear flashy, or seductive, provocative clothes. Men likewise, and they are not allowed to have “long hair” – whatever “long” means in each culture.(1Cor.11:14,15)

Men and women are expected to be different, and to dress accordingly (Deut.22:5), although there must be exceptions when it comes to drama, etc.

Origins

There are only two possible origins for the universe. One is evolution, or the winding out (progressively) of life from simple forms to highly complex, and the other is creation, which the Bible says was instant and perfect from the beginning, and which has since begun to fall into entropy, which is the exact opposite of evolution. The Bible does not allow for a combination of these two opposites. Because of either ignorance of science, or fear of ridicule, many Christians have failed to oppose evolution, thus allowing one of the most anti-Christian beliefs into the Church. There is no possible way the two views can be sythesised or reconciled, and wherever evolution is upheld, the Bible is degraded.

One God.

The world is well-supplied with religions, and there are many gods and goddesses available, none of which have ever done a stick of good for anyone. There are however, instances where alernative deities have blessed people, but this is what you would expect, if Satan is behind them. A miracle here and there helps to keep the poor, deluded humans from straying towards Christ.

Alternative deities always lack something. They are either all-powerful but lacking in compassion, or they are very ‘human’, with human faults, and not all-powerful, or they are all- wise but detached from Man, or they are all-glorious but unable to solve Man’s simplest problems, or they are erratic – helping sometimes but not all times, or they are fickle, proving a healing for one person but not another, or they are immobile, having a shrine, or they are cruel and demanding, appeased only by human sacrifice.

Christians worship a God who is perfect in every way.

Finally

Some might say here that “You have covered all bases so well that a Christian may do, or say whatever they like, and, as long as they say they have a good conscience towards God, they are free to be, in many respects, no different from unsaved people!”

The only answer to this is, yes, that is how things are.

The problem is, all Christians are at different points on a long road to heaven. Some have just started their journey. They still wear the dirty leather jacket. Their fingers are still stained with nicotine. Their arms are still marked by the holes made by needles and tattoos. They are weak with malnutrition, swollen by beer, and their appreciation of life is as thin as a sheet of old paper.

But God loves these people, and He calls them all upward, along the road.

Further up, along the road are Christians who have enthusiastically embraced the gospel and made, as a result, many sweeping reforms. They have thrown out their Playboys, switched off their TVs, and found honest employment. They now regularly attend Christian meetings, read good books, and try to learn as much as possible about Jesus. They spend time witnessing, and practise godly living.

Away along the road are other Christians. These are what you might call the Veterans. They have suffered, studied and forsaken all for Christ. They march like experienced soldiers.

Is God about to reject the lower class of Christian in favour of the higher? Of course not. All are saved on the same basis, and all share the same position in God’s sight – all are His children. There will be differing rewards for each, depending on what they have done with what they have been given, but none will miss out, provided they are committed and sincere.

It is this difference between Christians (the ‘level’ they are at) which has often been the ‘bone of contention’ over which the Church has fought. So-and-so doesn’t measure up to the standards which ‘Mr x’ thinks they should measure up to. So-and-so does this or that which really offends ‘Mrs y’. The result – antagonism, rejection, unhappiness, splits, pride, revenge, hate.

While it is true that all Christians walk before God as individuals, and answer only to God for their choices in life, there is also another aspect, in which they are accountable to each other. This is where church discipline comes in. For Christians who are part of a fellowship, there are times when problems may be sorted out -

“Moreover if your brother shall trespass against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone: if he shall hear you, you have gained your brother.

But if he will not hear you, then take with you one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established.

And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it to the church (i.e. The fellowship of which this Christian is a part): but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be to you as an heathen man and a publican”. Matthew 18:15 ( i.e. Love him or her as an unsaved person.)

From the above it is obvious that Christians are not supposed to do whatever they like without some sort of rebuke from other Christians. This also means that ‘stronger’ Christians are permitted to assess ‘weaker’ Christians – not ‘judge’ them – but see, and discern, what sort of fruit they have in their lives. It also means that Christians are able to distance themselves from other Christians at times, and not embrace them wholeheartedly, thus sanctioning the sins they practise.

The New Testament call to believers is constantly the same : turn away from sin, fight sin, reject sin, war against sin, hate sin, avoid situations where sin may be waiting, break the sin-habits, cleanse yourselves from sin. (Many books have been written on this.)

All this has to do with where we draw the line in the Church.

Suppose we knew of a Christian, who professed openly to be one, but who also swore fluently? (or drank, or smoked, or took drugs, or drove wildly, or stole, or collected Playboys, or practised some other sinful thing regularly) After some time, and prayer, that worldy Christian might benefit from a gentle rebuke by another Christian. God wants His Church to be strong and healthy and morally upright. When Christians sin, the whole Church is damaged, and the name of Jesus is brought down. The Church is, after all, one Body, so any ‘infection’ will affect the whole body. (The Media is always eager to pounce on high-profile Christians and parade their errors because Satan is an implacable enemy of Christ’s followers)

Christianity gains absolutely nothing when it tries to ‘fit in’ with the world.

Christianity is nothing less than war. I think every prospective convert should be told this. It would make things a lot easier for them in the long run. So many people accept Christ because they think they are in for prosperity, happiness, and a ‘bed of roses’, but Jesus promised quite the opposite. If Christianity equalled happiness, why is it that most of the apostles were killed? “All that will live in a godly way – following the example of Jesus – will suffer persecution” (2Tim.3:12) Why is that? Because Christians draw lines. They say “I am not allowed to do this”. Adam should have said to Eve “Leave that fruit alone! God told us not to eat it!”, but he stood by and allowed his wife to disobey God.

Christians are, whether they like it or not, encumbered with Adam’s sinful nature, plus they are in a world dominated by Satan’s values. Satan and the world have no limits to where they will draw the lines. “Rules” say the worldly, “Are made to be broken!” Christian rules are always under attack, and, at every retreat, the enemy finds the next point of resistance and tries to push it back further. If Christians continued to retreat, hoping to find a happy compromise with the world, they would never stop retreating.

This is why it is so important to find out what God’s rules are, and then draw some lines.

Happiness

Many years ago I was asked to prepare a series of lessons on the subject of happiness. I began with the gospel and illustrated the key verses, but now that I look back on that work I realize that it was quite inadequate. There is more to happiness than believing that Jesus died for you. There is also more to happiness than acknowledging the basic doctrines of Christianity. While the theology may be spot on, there are other things involved in happiness.

One key verse which I hold very dear is Romans 14:22 “Happy is the man who has no reason to condemn himself for what he allows”. This cuts the whole question down to the most basic and simple expression. Am I happy with myself and my lifestyle? Do I have a deep contentment with myself as a person, or do I constantly wonder if I am measuring up to other people’s expectations?

I think this kind of contentment is probably rare.

Few and far between are the Christians who can eat, and drink, laugh and cry, work and play, read and travel, dress and explore, write and perform . . . in a way which they feel is right for them. Most Christians, I suspect, try to keep their lives within what they think are the ‘acceptable limits’ imposed on them by their peers or other people. The trouble springs from the fact that Christians forget that they walk before God as if there is only God and no-one else in the whole universe. If God is happy with me, I am happy with me. It is God’s opinion which matters most. (I must be responsive to others in love and consideration of course, and not go roughshod over everyone’s feelings, but home base is the one-to-one relationship I have with my Creator.)

Some church fellowships demand conformity, either overtly through rules, or by subtle pressure, such as a frown, or body-language. Non-conformity is opposed and members either ‘fit it’ or feel like outsiders. Some members are eliminated if they refuse to conform. Customs and forms replace spontaneity, traditions stifle freedom of expression, and Christian life is strangled. Jesus was expelled by rule-making people, so were the Early Church Christians.

So who should we follow? Jesus of course (1Pet.2:21) He is the Head of the Church, the Chief Priest, the Great Shepherd and the Master. The Holy Spirit can reveal him (through the Bible) to each Christian in a way which may be different for every Christian, but it will be the same Jesus. The four gospels illustrate this point clearly. Matthew saw Jesus as the King. Mark saw Jesus as the Servant. Luke saw Jesus as the Messiah, and John saw Jesus as God. While there is some overlap between the gospels, there is also a distinct difference between them, which shows how God spoke to each of the four writers.

Shakespeare (and others) have come to the same conclusion : “To thine own self be true, and it shall follow as the night the day, that thou canst not be false to any man” The man who is happy with himself, is unafraid to present him (or her-) self to the world without pretence.  The man who is content with himself has integrity.

So the first step towards being happy is to be first comfortable with yourself. If you are not happy with yourself, you will never be happy with any situation or relationship in the world.

I was talking to a dear little 5 yr old girl one day. She told me she didn’t like the freckles on her face. I suggested that when God made her He got a tiny paintbrush and mixed up just the right colour, then dabbed each freckle on with love and care. “Every one of those freckles is there because God wanted to make you like that. He counted all those freckles, and He loves every one of them.”

Obviously, if God loves what He has made, we ought to love it too. God, after all, makes no mistakes, so to think otherwise is an indirect way of criticising God.

There is quite a lot of Modern Psychology about, which emphasises self-esteem as being one of the most important factors in one’s life. One must feel good about one’s self in order to make progress as a person, we are told. One must be praised and complimented for almost everything one does. No individual is allowed to escape praise for something, no matter how small or insignificant that something is. Praise, praise, praise. Soon the child thinks he or she is wonderful, and the message of humility before God is lost on them. Tall poppies are reduced to an average height, and short poppies are elevated to an undeserved equality.

Most of the emphasis placed on this self-esteem talk is based on a shifting-sand foundation anyway, as people try to measure themselves against widely variable things. The Bible gives the only solid, unshakeable foundation for measuring self-esteem: God’s view of us, but self-esteem psychology is based on how one feels about one’s self, and how many things one has achieved.

For the Christian, achievements come second, after Christ, who is always first. For the self-esteem seeker, the works of Christ are often seen as handy add-ons to an already complete life.

For example, I might seek my self-esteem from people I admire, but all people have feet of clay. Even the greatest people have had faults and failings, some of which have caused us to feel ashamed of them when they have been exposed. Or, I might seek my self-esteem from people in authority, and draw my sense of value from the admiration and trust which some important person puts in me, but I can be knocked flat just as easily by the same person’s scorn. Should I base my self-esteem on another person’s apparent admiration or trust? It seems to me to be a very shaky basis for finding my own value.

On the other hand I might look inside myself, and try to find value in my abilities and talents, or my achievements, but can I trust myself? Are my abilities and talents my own anyway, or were they all given to me? Aren’t my achievements really only an extension of my abilities and talents? If I concentrate on these things I might become proud, and arrogant, self-centred, vain, and narcissistic. If I concentrate on how ‘wonderful’ I am I may not be able to praise other people as I should.  So no matter which way I look I see relativity – my inner person, my friends, my manager, my customers, or whoever I look to for a basis for self-esteem, are all frail and feeble foundations. They may appear to be a good basis at first sight, but in the end they are not. I can only assume value from these sources.

But when I look to heaven I hear God saying “I made you, I love you, I accept you for who you are”. That is an absolute. If God is pleased to love me, then I have the strongest base on which to set my self-esteem in the whole universe. God never changes, so His opinion of me will never change. If He is happy with me, I can be happy with me.

One thing I learned from my three years in public school was the shaky basis on which many children try to build a happy life. Many of these sincere, well-meaning young people are isolated from quality time with adults all day, almost every day, for years, so they begin to look instead to their peer group for a sense of value. The peer group happens to be about the same age, and none of these young people of similar age is able to rise above the general level of immaturity simply because of their youth, inexperience, and ignorance. They often, but not always, get caught up with what the ‘in’ crowd thinks. They seek acceptance by following commercially driven fashions, or they adopt certain type of ‘in-house’ language, or they share a generally accepted genre of music, or they collectively become fans of selected brands of cosmetics, bands, toys, or trends in other things. Many young people try to find an identity for themselves by merging with some other strong personality, or group. They may gain a kind of acceptance, but in blending in, and sacrificing their individuality, they lose their souls, because they have to live a lie.

Older children, especially those who finally break free of the education system, often become wild, reckless, hedonists to the core, cravers of physical gratification, undisciplined, contemptuous of authority, and it is amazing to see to what lengths some of these people will go to in order to feel accepted with the new crowd of friends. Some will shave off all their hair. Some will pin their lips, tongues, bellies and other parts of their bodies. Some will never wash. Some never change their clothes. Some will drink heavily. Some will smoke drugs or experiment with them. Some will spend a fortune on gear. Some will strive for the latest and most expensive gadgets. Some will adopt a manner of speaking – the ‘plum in the mouth’ – as they pretend that they have risen higher up the social ladder. For every genuine choice of lifestyle, there are probably hundreds of imitators, all striving for acceptance, and behind the ‘laid-back’ appearance of many of these young trend-setters there is a nagging fear they are not really living honestly with their conscience. ‘Keeping up appearances’ is the name of the game, but behind the appearance is a void, or a loneliness, an emptiness which has never been filled.

So how do we find ourselves?

There are some places to look which may help.  The first is definitely not a good place, but it serves as a primary level, and it can give us a ‘neutral’ platform to build on.

The first step to happiness.

The atomic level. We all share many things in common on this level, namely that we are all made of atoms. All things, in fact, all material things, are atomic. It is the great equaliser.

A better basis on which to look at ourselves may be the biological level. On this level we may enter into a slightly better understanding of ourselves. We can see what we are, biologically, by examining our place in Creation. God created all life, and then He created Mankind. Man is therefore higher and superior to animals, but at the same time he shares many things with them. Man needs to be born, to grow, eat, sleep, move and reproduce. Some people wrongly think that because we share many things in common with animals, we must be on the same level as animals, but the differences between Man and animals totally refutes this notion. Man has a biological level which he shares with all living things, but Man also has a higher level, which he shares with angels.

The social level comes next. This level brings the focus into a sharper definition. Humans communicate using a spoken language, or a symbolic written form. Humans can convey thoughts, feelings, memories and ideas through symbols. No animal can do this on such a vast scale. Humans can relate to each other, express themselves, be creative, make art, music, dance, laugh. Socially, humans are vastly more sophisticated than any animal.

The spiritual level sets humans apart totally from all other creation. Only humans pray. Only humans show an awareness of their Creator, by whatever name they call Him. Only humans understand accountability. Only humans seek forgiveness for sin. Only humans practise sacrifice for sin. Only humans exercise a system of justice. Only humans follow after justice, or revenge, or avenge, or forgiveness, or repentance. Humans constantly require apologies for wrongs. Animals never follow after these things.

If we accept what the Bible says, we come to this conclusion:

Humans are made like God spiritually. There is a resemblance in Man to God, in Man’s behaviour and awareness of higher things. Man is like a heavenly spirit clothed in a body of flesh.

Humans are also not like God in that they share many biological things with animals, and they often go against God’s best wishes.

This dual nature in Man has led to two extremes.

First there is the idea that Man is inherently pure and perfect, divine and transcendent. There is the idea that sin is an illusion, and wickedness is unreal. Man can therefore find the ‘god within’ himself if he looks. Man can perfect himself because Man is already good.

The other extreme is that Man is utterly vile and reprobate, in whom nothing good dwells.

Both views are true to a certain extend, but both fail by themselves. The best view is to say that Man is both God-like and not God-like. This middle ground supplies the reason for the conflict which Christians are usually aware of. They know in their spirit what pleases God, but they find the performance lacking. They try to do what is right, but they find thoughts in their heads that are quite rebellious. As Jesus said “The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak”.

The happy Christian is able to understand this duality, and accept the fact that as long as he lives, the conflict will always be there. The only way any Christian can remove the sinful bias, the conflict, the duality within himself is by actually dying – or by receiving a brand new body. A lot of unhappiness has resulted from Christians who have tried to rid themselves of the “flesh” or perfect their “spirit” before the day of resurrection. Neither is possible, but a huge amount of effort has gone into this futile task, and nothing but failure can ever result.

The second step to happiness.

Happiness comes from obedience to God. God has made it perfectly clear, through His Word, how we ought to live in order to be happy, but so many people, so many millions of people, follow sin, and then find themselves unhappy because of it. Here are some very simplified examples of how to  be unhappy:

Gambling – trying to get rich without working. This leads to poverty.

Gluttony – continually eating far more than necessary. This leads to ill health.

Greed – wanting more than you need. This leads to dissatisfaction with life.

Immorality – sex before responsibility. This leads to insecurity and (often) disease.

Dishonesty – taking what is not yours. This leads to guilt and anxiety.

Hedonism – living for today. This leads to a sense of futility and instability.

The list goes on and on. People constantly take the easy road to get what they want, without considering the consequences, then the ‘birds come home to roost’ and they find themselves in misery. They put short-term self-gratification before the wise counsel of the Bible.

For example: a woman leaves her husband to live with another man, dragging two children along. The man has three children from a former affair. All the children grow up insecure because their ‘parents’ are more interested in the affair than the raising of a family. The ‘partners’ split again because there is no commitment. The children grow up unbalanced and unstable, and repeat their parent’s mistake. More children are born and they also grow up without stable, committed mothers or fathers. The misery increases. Sin piles on sin and the happiness which could have been theirs is gone.

God gives us all a credit card of wealth when we come into the world, but many people spend it and then run up a huge debt. But sin’s consequences always come, eventually, knocking on the door like an angry bailiff, demanding what has been clocked up on the card. God always holds us accountable for what we do.

But on the positive side, if we obey God, we find happiness. As Ray Comfort once said (paraphrased) “God has given us an instruction manual – the Bible but if we refuse to read it, we will not run at our maximum. Only a stupid mechanic would refuse to read the manual for a car, yet there are millions of people who try to live their lives without finding out what God, who designed us, has to say.”

This is not the place for an extended list of Bible references from the ‘instruction manual’, because the best place to find the way to happiness is in the Bible, but I will, if I may, suggest the first principle of the Ten Commandments:

1.                      Love God

2.                      Love yourself

3.                      Love your neighbour

Jesus himself demonstrated the fullest, happiest (and sometimes saddest) life any person could ever live. His life was a balance between consideration of God, himself, and others – in that order. His life was based on obedience to what was written in the Bible. His freedom came from a sense of identity as defined by God and not by people – not even his closest friends or mother could pressure him into being something he wasn’t. He showed respect to those to whom it was due, but he did not swerve from his own personal integrity in order to appease anyone.

That is the destination to which all Christians ought to aim, but there is usually a lot of baggage to unload on the road there. And once attained, happiness is something we have to guard, and maintain on a daily basis, because there are always people about who will try to take it from us.

“If you know these things, happy are you if you do them”. – Jesus. (John 13:17)

Discipleship

Luke 14:25-35

This teaching section is broken up into the following pattern:

26, 27 Discipleship

28 – 32 Parable 33 Discipleship

34 35 Parable

v,26 Amp. N.T. “If anyone (whoever decides) to come to Me, and does not hate his own father and mother – that is, in the sense of indifference to, or relative disregard for them IN COMPARISON with his attitude toward God – and likewise his wife and children and brothers and sisters (yes) and even his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.

Whoever does not PERSEVERE and carry his own cross and come after (follow) Me cannot be my disciple.”

“He that does not take his cross = Greek : stauros (ALL CRIMINALS BORE THEIR OWN CROSS) – see John 19:17, and the CROSS is put, by the figure Metonymy, for the suffering associated with the burden. See also 2 Cor. 4:10, 11, 1 Cor. 15:31, Rom.8:36.

What Jesus is saying is if anyone decides to follow Him, they must accept that the decision will place them in ‘the firing line’ of life. The Christian life is WAR. There is no way of avoiding the logical consequences of following Jesus. He was ‘shot’ at throughout his ministry, so all true Christians will be too.

When we identify with Jesus, we are treated in much the same way as he was, by the world – Rom. 11:26, 13:13.

This is why Christian fellowship is so refreshing. When Christians (who have been persecuted, libelled, slandered, hounded daily by hateful religious-minded people, mocked, tested and so on) meet, their gathering is more like a respite for soldiers in the midst of battle. A time of healing, of refurbishing weapons, of encouragment.

On the other hand, there are people who call themselves Christians, who find what they imagine to be ‘the Christian life’ fairly hassle-free. Of course they do. They get on well with the world, they do whatever they want, they watch every kind of video and TV program, they never make much of a stand against sin, they accept all kinds of sinful behaviour around them without a murmur. . . they are so uncommitted to the cause as to be totally indistinguishable as Christians. No wonder they have few problems.

v.26 life = Greek : psuche = soul. This word is used to mean the life of Man, which can be lost, destroyed, saved, laid down, etc. Whatever we consider to be a priority in our lives, if we follow Jesus, must be delegated to second place. We must be at least willing to follow Him, even to death, if need be. Heb. 12:4 “For you have NOT YET resisted as far as BLOOD, striving against sin.” ‘Not yet’ may have some reference to the fact that the persecutions which occurred under Nero had not yet happened, which could date the book of Hebrews as prior to AD 65 – 68. Up to 65 AD Christians had endured some bad treatment, such as being put out of synagogues, mockery, ostracism from jobs, discrimination, hate from the Jewish leaders … but nothing like the spoliation, physical torture and martyrdom which was shortly to come.

v.27 cannot = is not able to (as in v. 20) v.28 of = out of. The Greek is ‘ek’ v. 28 intending = desiring v. 28 counts = reckons or calculates

Truth is many-sided. In the Pharisee’s house the Lord had been speaking about the feast to which all were bidden to come to enjoy the free bounty of God – 16 – 23. The subject now changes from the gifts and Grace of God to discipleship, and immediately we see a cost, or price involved. Grace is free, Discipleship is expensive.

In this teaching, Jesus is not only speaking about giving up things that would prevent the acceptance of the gospel invitation, but the on-going giving up of whatever might hinder a Christian’s daily walk. There is an initial sacrifice, and then a regular daily sacrifice.

v.28 – 32 Builders and Warriors. Jesus warns his would-be followers that they are going to have to do both building and fighting, and that this service requires complete dedication. In practical terms, this means Christians have to avoid worldliness. What soldier goes into battle with his arms full of clothes, sweets, beer and women? What builder carries a TV set and motorbike on to the site?

Another part of discipleship is having to do things which sometimes offend those close and dear to us, our friends and family – v.27. By this teaching Jesus destroys the myth (lie) that to follow him is to have an easy, happy life. It is in fact a hard, uphill struggle against a hostile world, and often a hostile church, with our energy pitted against unseen but powerful spiritual forces.

v.34 – 35 Salt. To be effective, salt must be pure. Christianity without purity is useless. Unholy, worldly Christians are a disgrace to Jesus and utterly useless as witnesses to the world. Worldly Christians gain no respect either from other Christians, or from the world. Compromising Christians blend in just enough to be disliked by both sides.

What the unsaved actually want to see (!) is a Christian who makes a firm stand and holds to it. The world is always looking for people like this. Even if the unsaved hate the Christians for their uncompromising lifestyle, they actually respect and sometimes even admire their stand.

The great myth about Christianity is that by being more accommodating, it will win more converts. This is nonsense. The reverse is actually the case. The LESS compromising Christians are, the more likely they are to win converts.

But this is not to say that Mr and Mrs Dogmatic are going to win converts. They must also show Christian love and do good works to back up their words. There is a lot more to Christianity than just saying you “believe in Jesus”!

Culture

Now and then I meet people who know how to reduce something really fun and enjoyable down to the barest, coldest definition, thus robbing it of all its warmth and pleasure. For example, they see the whirl and excitement of ice-skating as ‘people sliding around on frozen water’, and they reduce a magical, mysterious trip to the moon down to ‘humans in a metal cylinder propelled to another lump of rock’. The grandest event is reduced to the equations of physics or maths. While there is no doubt that what these people say is true, and reasonably accurate, there is always a lot more to the ‘thing’ than they say. Reduction is not always the best way to see things, even though it may be a true way of describing them.

The reductionist approach is like a miserly summary of a great book, or a mere recipe to describe a wonderful meal. A reductionist can sort out the bones from the meat, but by doing so he also destroys the flavour, the ambience and the wonder of the meal. A reductionist would probably identify accurately Miss Muffet’s spider and record her reaction in terms of the sciences. A reductionist can be like a plug hole – constantly draining things away in order to leave the last few drops, or essence – and thus missing the pleasure of the bath.

Not that I am against reductionism as it stands. It is very important. But to reduce everything to the barest definition is to miss other things which are also important.

What has this to do with Culture? A great deal. The thing is, every culture in the world can be reduced right down to its barest bones, and the result may be as dull as ditchwater, because while the definition is true, there is more to culture than a mere definition.

Culture is usually defined as:

1.                      A social and intellectual formation.

2.                      The totality of socially transmitted behaviour patterns.

These may consist of   Arts

Beliefs

Institutions

Characteristic products of human thought

So, if we were to talk about a certain culture, we would take note of the paintings and carvings, the language, the costumes and dramas, the manners, the buildings, the style of their ceremonies, their attitudes to men, women, children, animals and the planet, the type of government, the religious beliefs and the literature. Taken all together we would say we had a distinctive culture, which though similar to all other cultures in some ways, would also be different to all other cultures.

The reductionist approach (please bear with me for a while) would deal with these things in various ways. As far as the Arts were concerned (the reductionist would say), all Arts depend on representations of other things. All art is derived from something else, and there is nothing made by Man which can be said to be totally original. Even non-representational art is derived from the colours, textures and so on of the materials from which it is made.

All the materials which people use to make pictures, or to carve sculptures, or to cast statues are made of metals and minerals already available. God of course has provided everything for Man to use, so God is the source of all Art materials, and Man is but the shaper and moulder of these materials. In which case the reductionist would say that all Man can do is present what God has already made in slightly different ways. In which case Arts in culture are neither new or eternal.

Visual arts rely on the frequency of light waves, the seven colours of the rainbow in their pure or mixed forms, and the ability of the retina to transfer the impact of photons to the brain via an electrical impulse. Music is also made of vibrations, transferred through air, coming from things rubbed, blown or struck. Dance relies on the 3dimensional swivelling of joints. Literature needs coded symbols translated into sound, received by receptors. All the Arts can be reduced to mere statements of function.

The belief systems of different cultures are also similar and different, but they all share the same derivative nature. There is not a single idea invented by Man today which has never been considered before, and its not just a case of “There is nothing new under the sun”. Nothing is new since Adam and Eve. And before that, God knew. All gods and goddesses are extensions and modifications of the One God. All Nature gods are reflections of Man’s imagination, which is itself a product of Creation. Biologically, the very imagination of Man can operate only on predetermined pathways constructed from neurons. Everything Man believes is therefore part of, or rearrangement of a previously created storehouse of truth, so no beliefs are original or eternal. Adam and Eve thought of it first, or their children did, but whoever, in those first years of human life, so since then nothing new has been added.

And even worse, all belief systems operate within the brains of humans. These brains are nourished by food which God gives to the humans. The bodies of the humans are supplied with air, and water from God. The life-spans of the humans are determined by God. In fact everything comes from God and returns to God.

On another basic level, when we speak to each other, we use the laws of physics which God has already built into His universe. Sound waves, vocal chords, ears, sound, taste and light receptors, all the millions of cells involved in speaking and hearing -  “He that planted the ear shall He not hear?” There is not a word or a thought in all the human race which has not depended entirely on God for its energy.

Everything we see, feel, hear, taste and smell is the product of God’s creation. Our very self-awareness is a God-given ability, so when any person claims to have ‘created something new’ they have not really done more than rearrange things which were already in existence.

So it is no wonder the reductionists are not good company. They can be the death of the party!

When we look at institutions we see that no matter which form of government (or lack of it) chosen by people, not one of them is original. Democracy, dictatorship, oligarchy, tyranny, no matter which one we pick we find the same thing: humans trying to govern other humans. Government in its broadest sense, begins with personal self-control and goes out through smaller groups until it encompasses all people in all countries. So we may speak of a style of government as being ‘cultural’ but all we are really saying is ‘this style of government operates here’.

Characteristics of human thought are simply the way certain groups of people do things. In Japan some women dress as geishas and perform tea ceremonies. In other countries the men rule the women with an iron fist. In some places the women rule, or the men have several wives. Customs are simply habitually repeated ways of doing things. Most “cultural” characteristics are simple habits. Of course it must be accepted that habits help to keep a society stable, and many customs or ceremonies are upheld by societies because without them they would collapse. Yearly festivals, commemorations, traditional meals and so on, help to hold the year together, like nails for hanging coats on. People love predictability and familiarity. The daily newspaper, the TV show, the cup of tea – cultures are built up on layers of regular habits.

But no culture is permanent.

If one thinks of his culture as a permanent, stable thing, one need only look back a short distance into the past to see how ephemeral a culture really is. Beginning with the handful of people who departed from the grounded Ark, we see that within a few generations the various groups of people were developing their own distinctive styles of speaking, dressing, building and entertaining. They also developed different spiritual beliefs and they formed governments with different structures.

The Babylonians produced a distinctive culture, as did the Egyptians, then the Greeks, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Russians, the Indonesians, the Romans, and each of the small European states. The Jews maintained their distinctive ways for more than 2000 years. Today many of the different cultures are almost caricaturing themselves in order to be different, but the fact remains – all cultures are relatively young, and none of them are older than a few thousand years.

So where does the Christian fit into all this?

Well it is obvious that no single culture has been set up by God. No style of dress, custom, painting, music and so on . . . not a single specific cultural characteristic is divinely inspired. All are the works of Man, and none have been around for much longer than a few thousand years. The ‘feeling’ that cultures are solidly established is an illusion. In a very young world all cultures are mere infants.

But should Christians turn their backs on their own cultures as evil things? Are all the works of Man so tainted with sin that Christians ought to have nothing to do with anything that is not ‘spiritual’? A few Purists try to do this, to their own misery. The Purist approach – to cut one’s self completely off from the world – has a rather ironic twist. When the Purist is alone, he realises that all the world is shut up with him. Besides, to toss out the entire culture because of the sin within it is flying in the face of the example set by the Lord Jesus, who spent his time ‘rubbing shoulders’ with the commoners, and it is also quite impractical, because in order to cut one’s self off from the world, one would need to literally leave it altogether. Of all men, Jesus was the most pure, yet he never isolated himself from the world.

So the question remains – what is good enough in a culture to keep?

In order to answer this question we have to work out what we as Christians need to live. By this we mean, what basic needs to Christians have which are not sinful, but which are provided through their cultural setting?

Food, clothes, a comfortable dwelling, perhaps a friend or wife, and other ‘good’ needs such as useful employment and money, perhaps entertainment. All these things are available in most cultures. None of these things are sinful as needs, but each is open to being either a source of sin or a source of goodness. Each Christian must decide for him or herself where the line between permissible and unacceptable is. There is no hard and fast rule about these things, and I am not trying to build up a set of rules.

The first thing which I see when I look at the example of Jesus and the Apostles, is the fact that they all worked. Jesus worked so hard he had to rest beside a well. He fell asleep in a boat during a storm. He sweated. He walked for hours every day, healing and teaching. He withdrew for prayer because he was feeling drained. Paul also worked, paying his own way by earning a little money as he preached. Work must therefore be a good thing, since neither Jesus nor the Apostles spurned it.

Work is also a theme running through the Bible. Adam and Eve were told to “dress and keep” the garden, fools are condemned as slothful in Proverbs, diligence is held up as a virtue, the Sabbath was a day of rest after six days of work, new Christians are told to work in order to raise the money to pay for their families, and gifts to the poor came from worker’s pockets. Jesus himself worked through his apprenticeship with his father, applying himself in the sun and workshop.

Hard work is usually the key to wealth, and with wealth comes a house, perhaps marriage, good food, entertainment and nice clothes. All good things.

But God wants Christians to go further than these basics. He has called us as sons and daughters, not as mere tenants in a dreary housing estate. So the following must be said:

Self-expression is encouraged. The Church is encouraged to work together as a body sharing gifts and ministries, “every one of you has a hymn, or a psalm, or a word of knowledge”. The saints are told to “make melody in their hearts”. The last few psalms are full of singing, shouting, musical Christians – all creative in a certain way. As for architecture, Solomon’s Temple is a display of creativity through architecture, and so is the wilderness tabernacle with its beautiful parts and high priest’s clothing. As for fashion, when God dresses the harlot Israel in the most beautiful clothes and jewellery, He is telling us something about creative adornment. The great city which descends, in Revelation, is also a picture of creativity – streets of gold, crystal rivers, gates with huge jewels . . . obviously God does not intend humans to walk slowly through botanical gardens, wearing black hassocks, and pray all the time. Nature – a vast expression of God’s creative powers and imagination – teaches us how to recombine things in novel ways, and to be beautiful.

But all cultures contain elements which are definitely non-Christian. How do we define these elements? One sure way is by holding up the 10 commandments like a measuring stick and seeing where the culture falls short. If the culture strays from the guidlenes in the Big Ten, then Christians ought to avoid it. If it does not, then Christians may thoroughly enjoy themselves.

It is not my intention to meticulously pick my way through every aspect of my own culture, as that would be too tedious, and besides, you (Reader) may come from a different culture. What is applicable to the Western culture may not be at all applicable to your own. The principleshowever should be the same for any culture.

The body.

In every culture there are certain practices which abuse the body. Christians are commanded to care for their bodies, so obviously, they must try to avoid body-abuse. Body-abuse may come in the form of drugs, excessive exercise, sleep-deprivation, toxic substances and ‘attitude’ changes, through philosophy, or some other negative input. Wrong-thinking can affect the health, so Christians ought to work towards right-thinking at all times. What affects the mind also affects the body and the spirit.   A healthy Christian should have a healthy mind, and a healthy body, and a healthy spirit. The three work together. Whatever the prevailing culture does which goeas against this ‘best plan’ should be avoided.

Some Christians see coffee, alcohol and tea as harmful to the body, other saints include a wider range of foods. It is not for me to judge, but whatever is perceived as harmful should be omitted.

Christians ought to make every effort to keep their body well fed and fit. Why? Because the healthier the body is, the more able it is to function at its maximum for the Lord.

Housing.

The usual rule in most things Christian is ‘modesty’. Housing should therefore be practical, sensible, and non-ostentatious. A Christian’s house may be attractive and even beautiful, because beauty is godly. Hygiene and usefulness are also important, since a Christian is expected to be “given to hospitality” and ‘welcoming strangers’, s the odd spare room would be in order.

Fashion.

Modesty dictates a certain style, whatever the culture. Clothes are not meant to distract or allure, but they may be attractive and well made. Some cultures wear clothes which have a religious or spiritual tone, so Christians ought to be aware of this. Some fashions, such as wooden plugs in ear-lobes, or metal rings around necks, or foot-binding, are disfiguring to the body, though ‘culturally accepted’. Body-piercing is also questionable, but each individual must decide for themselves whether it is honouring God to have it done.

Music.

The human voice is a gift from God, and part of the body. (See 1) When it comes to songs, Christians ought to be careful they sing true lyrics, not false or blasphemous lyrics. True lyrics can be about anything in life which is true – not just “Praise the Lord!” songs, but other criteria are also involved. Relevance, suitability, positive or negative message, edifying? Instruments are also an individual choice. Solomon’s Temple used to resound with voices, strings and percussion. Today’s Christians use strings, voice, electronics, wind and percussion.

Every major culture seems to have had its own distinct type of music, Christians ought to be careful they are not sucked into the culture through its music.

Employment.

Christians have a single rule – work hard and be diligent. Honest hard work is its own reward. The ‘sleep of a labouring man is sweet’ because he has done his best. But Christians ought to consider whether the product of their work is beneficial to others or harmful, sensible or wasteful, useful or useless, and so on.

I recall the Christian sign-writer who refused to paint a sign advertising cigarettes. Another Christian graphic-designer turned down a job for promotion of Roman Catholic recruitment. Christians in business have to be on guard all the time lest they work for causes which are opposed to Christianity – otherwise they are like the man sitting on the branch and sawing through it from the trunk side.

Religion.

Every culture promotes many ‘spiritual’ ideas. Cults and pseudo churches are everywhere. Philosophies are being invented every day. Non-Christian cultures are a seething pot full of anti-Christian thinking.

So Christians must keep within the Bible guidelines, no more no less.

Because spiritual things are so permeated into every culture, Christians have to be on guard all the time. Films, videos, TV programs, music, conversations and the whole Media circus constantly dishes out material for non-Christians, hence the lack of Christianity in it, hence the blasphemies, hence the immorality. Evolution is a religion just as much as some of the New Age teachings, and every non-Christian you meet has many ideas which are diametrically opposed to the Bible.

Entertainment.

There are many good things in every culture. Good drama, good music, good art . . . but as C.S.Lewis put it “any road out of Jerusalem must also be a road into Jerusalem”. In other words, what good things the world produces as entertainment are always short of the best which Christian culture would require, but at least there is something good in it. Christians must glean out what is good from what is bad. They must sort out the wheat from the chaff. At the same time, they must beware the road leading out of Jerusalem, because all worldly entertainment can take you away from God’s City  just as readily as it can take you into God’s City.

Celtic music can lead (out of the City) into Celtic mysticism, Indian dance can lead (out) to Hinduism, Martial Arts can lead (out) to spiritism.

Military Service.

Christians may wear a uniform to defend their country. The armed forces are not ‘unchristian’ – even Christians are called “soldiers” in the Bible, and given a range of weapons. The State is also called the “wielder of the sword” i.e. the death penalty. So Christians may join the army, air force or navy. The only thing they must beware of is an unjust war. It is always better to obey God rather than men, so military service may involve a Christian in a difficult choice.

Sport.

There is nothing evil or wrong with Sport (except perhaps boxing and other attacking forms in which the body is abused, see 1) But neither is there much to say for it, because all Sport is based on competition, and competition is not acceptable for Christians. The Christian alternative to competition is co-operation, help, consideration and encouragement. Rather than demolishing other people, Christians are called to come alongside them and support them. The weak are to lifted up, not beaten and triumphed over.

Take Monopoly for example. This game is geared so that the winner is the player who causes everyone else to go bankrupt. Greed and accumulation are the rule. If the winner shared his money with the other players, the game would never end.

Sport however is good for the body, provided it does not become an obsession. Sport can bring people together in friendly groups. It can enhance life in merry comradeships. It can prolong life by promoting health through good food and exercise.

The last mark of a “culture” is “Characteristic products of human thought”, which means the philosophies behind people’s thinking. Here in the Western world, the culture is influenced heavily by Materialism. As well as this we have adopted the destructive assumptions of Evolution. Science has been deified, and the white-coated technician is a sort of icon, representing authority and permanence.

Our whole Western education system is saturated in evolutionary thinking, which has led most Westerners to believe that : the Earth is very old, Man is descended from apes, the solar system formed from a cloud of gas, life is an accident, and there is nothing after death.

Thankfully though, no culture has ever made love illegal. Christians therefore have at least one thing which they can practise without being arrested. Love in action expresses itself in kindness, generosity, thoughtfulness, help, encouragement and so on. Love is something which all humans appreciate, though Christians alone can accurately identify its Source.

So we have come full circle, from the reductionist approach to culture, to the Christian response to their own particular culture. Now we might tread carefully into an unknown area . . . and guess at what a Christian culture might be like.

What if Christians were in the majority?

Christians have never been the majority, in the sense that they have formed the government and the people of a whole country or nation. NonChristians have always held sway in every culture, since Adam and Eve produced the first family. Their first son was a murderer and before long almost all their children were condemned to burial under the waters of a Flood. The post-Flood generations were equally wicked, first building a tower in defiance of God and then forming secular city-states all round the planet. One by one God has had to destroy them – Babylonians, Egyptians, Assyrians, Hittites, Aztecs, Mayans, Olmecs, Greeks, Romans, Elamites, Medians, Persians and all the hundreds of small cities. Even today the process of judging the nations continues, as God brings one against the other, just as He did when he brought Israel against the Canaanite nations. Since the end of the second world war dozens of Christ-rejecting nations have fallen, yet, sadly, the nations that remain never learn.

But if a whole nation were totally Christian, what would it be like? Many fanciful ideas spring to mind, but I think it might actually be surprisingly dull. The streets would be quiet, and the neon lights, casinos, gambling dens, striptease joints, sleazy bars and so on would be gone. People would be busy and not idle, and each citizen would care well for own his property and all it touched. Private ownership would be present, but there would be no high-interest mortgages, or huge insurance policies, because people with more would give to those with less, helping each other with their finances. Instead of people ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ they would make sure the Joneses kept up with them.

Children could wander safely into any part of the city without fear or danger from strangers or bullying. Every door would be unlocked, every home a place of welcome and hospitality. Security vans would be gone, and probably most of the Banks. The padlock industry would cease, along with all the chains, security gadgets and alarms common to this world. Nobody would hate their neighbour or shun them because of disputes. Trade and commerce would continue, but on different lines. Products would tend to be sensible and practical, with little ornamentation.

All the problems which beset our present world (usually the result of personal choice) would be gone.

The Arts would flourish as creative people reflected the beauties of Nature, and the trend in abstract work would be towards beauty rather than ugliness, harmony rather than nihilism. All the gossip magazines, gaudy signs, derelict buildings, titillating chat shows and so on would be gone, and in their place would be literature and entertainment of the highest calibre, edifying and intelligent, funny and informative. No longer would Christians need to ‘come alongside’ the world to reach the lost, so pseudo Christian entertainment would also be gone.

There would be no crime, no domestic violence, no abortions, no unwanted children, no credit cards, no bigotry, no racism, no corrupt business practises, no defaulting on promises, no prisons, and no shifty politics. The country would be governed by a group of elders whose aim would be to make sure all the public amenities were available to all. Taxes and Rates would be based on what was needed.

Hospitals would treat the usual round of sicknesses and accidents. Parents would teach, nurture and raise their own children. Higher education (for teaching in areas most parents would not be specifically trained for) would still operate in universities or polytechs. The supply infrastructure would be scaled down but it would still be there, only on a much smaller scale. (People would still need power, water, rubbish-removal and so on)

If this Christian culture ever came about,  I am sure there would need to be what I like to call the “Cult Police” . These people would be employed hunting down (if that is the right expression) those people who veered off from the sensible and general understanding of the Scriptures. The false teachers would need to be reasoned with, corrected, and re-instated in the community, otherwise they would be asked to leave the country. This would prevent the growth of heresies and cults and encourage people to study the Bible rather than follow specious arguments.

But such a society will never arise because Jesus called the Church a “little flock” in the midst of “wolves”. Until the end of this present age, Christians will remain as salt in the meal, and candles on the shelf.

But it is nice to dream.

Nature and culture.

Nature tells us that there is a Creator. It cannot tell us much more than that, so there is not much point in trying to find God in Nature. God is so much greater than what He has made, so any attempt to find Him in His handiwork will always fail.

But Nature can tell us many things which help us understand God a little better. For example, when the Bible tells us that God is “glorious”, and we see a sunrise over snowy mountains, we understand better what “glorious” means. We also understand “mighty” a little better when we see ocean waves crashing onto rocks during a storm. We understand the “gentleness’ of God better when we see a thistledown floating by, or feel the fur of a newborn kitten. Likewise we understand “intelligence” when we learn biology, and “wisdom” when we see the Table of Elements. We understand “grace” better when we watch a swan gliding over a lake, and we understand “power” when he stand near to a huge cataract thundering into a ravine.

All the useful meanings of words come to life when we see them working in Nature. Majesty, Patience, Tenderness, Obedience, Sadness, Starvation, Anger, Brutality, and so on. Every expression which humans use to describe things is found in Nature, illustrated there in some living creature, or physical effect. There must be some good reason for this.

I assume that God has surrounded Man with these living, moving, operating illustrations in order to supply a sort of ‘teaching aid’ to tell us about  Himself. Like the simple diagrams which lecturers like to show to their classes, God has given us many ‘diagrams’ of Himself to lead us to a better understanding of Himself. This is why so many sermons work successfully when they use illustrations from Nature. The mother bird sacrifices herself to feed her chicks, the wolf pack catches the prey because each member obeys the leader, ducks fly in a ‘V’ shape because this gives every duck except the leader an easier flight. Diagrams serve a small but useful purpose, because they are always limited, but once the meaning has been seized, the illustration becomes redundant.

Unfortunately there are people who make gods of the diagrams. These misguided Nature-worshippers treat God’s diagrams as if they were the ultimate truth. There are some who call the planet by a name, and  reverence the ‘Earth Mother’. Some people regard trees with too high regard, others try to communicate with dolphins. Nature has become, for many, the ultimate reality, and the God who made it has been rejected.

But Christians can draw a great lesson from the way God has set up Creation, because there is a parallel working here. God is greater than Creation, so it is foolish to gaze adoringly at Creation and miss the God who made it. In the same way God has allowed for different cultures to arise, but it is foolish to gaze at any culture and miss the God who created humans. Christians may enjoy their culture, even revel in its good points, dance, sing, write, act, teach, lead, govern and so on, but they must never see their culture as much more than a diagram. The greater must rise above the lesser.

If we took the reductionist view and emptied culture to its dregs, we would not have much to admire. Science, the great reductionist force in our modern world, has been emptying the universe for many years now, and the best it can say about the whole universe is “We are energy”, or, “All is random”. In a sense this is true, but as I said, reductionists empty the hole bath and forget about the pleasure of the hot water.

Greater and Lesser.

There is a pattern in the Bible, of greater and lesser. The Great God creates life, and life, in a small way, brings to birth. The Father speaks, and Jesus speaks. The Father does the works, and Jesus does the works. The adult is always larger than the offspring. The whole of Creation comes from an invisible word, and life begins at the microscopic level. Whatever God does on the grand scale, is found in smaller scales.

God has so ordered things that they are formed from ever decreasing levels of simplicity. Take the beautiful cat on the couch. It is an animal, a bioelectrical lifeform. Analyse it further and you find strings of molecules. Dissect them and you find atoms. Further down you find sub-atomic particles, and so on, until the cat has disappeared utterly.  But embrace the whole cat and you have a lot more than a few simple equations.

A large culture is made out of thousands or millions of people, yet each person in that culture is just one person. At the beginning Adam and Eve represented the whole world’s culture. As soon as they had children the different cultures began to develop. Today we see some of the fruits of those original divergences.

Christians ought to use the reductionist method to dissect their culture, but having done that, they ought to also look at the good in it, and thefullness of it.  If we abandoned our whole culture as too evil to be a part of, or too abstract to relate to, we would be of no use to it. Jesus never abandoned his village, (although he created all its substance) and the only culture he ever left to itself was the Jewish one, ( but only until after his crucifixion).  Knowing all he knew about his culture, Jesus worked within in it with his mind, body and spirit. He embraced all that was good and loved the people (though he was their creator). His example is astonishing, considering who he was.

So the problem of living in a culture is two-fold. On the one hand we are in danger if abandoning it altogether, because of our reductionist views, (or because we think we are “too pure”), while on the other hand we are in danger of embracing everything, and becoming so immersed in the culture that we can be of no use at all to it. As always Jesus struck the perfect balance. He spoke like a Jew, dressed like a Jew, associated with Jews, ate like a Jew, and attended Jewish festivals and so on, yet he maintained his Sonship throughout, and lifted people up and out of the Jewish culture. Paul did a similar thing, being “all things to all men” in his attempt to “save some”.

The principles of the Kingdom of God are always superior to those of the world, and Christians must sort out for themselves (individually) where they stand in regard to every aspect of their own culture. This is an on-going daily challenge but it is worth the effort, because the more aware we are of our place in our culture, the more able we are to reach the lost around us and draw them upwards into God’s Kingdom.

Christian ethics

A letter to the newspaper caught my eye. In it the writer was quite adamant that there was a difference between what he called “the world” and “Christian ethics”. As far as I could understand, he was saying there was such a wide gulf between what was commonly known as ‘Christian’ morals, and the sort of morals which everyone else lived by. He did not want his society, the mass of unbelievers of which he was a part, to be engulfed by the horror of Christian ethics. He saw this as a nightmarish spectre, a sort of ‘death by religion’.

It is true that there are some stereotypes of Christianity, either foul or fair, which history has preserved, and which seem, to the uncritical observer, caricatures of the “faith once delivered”. The worst of course is the cult leader, who raves on about his ‘cause’ and mingles theology with insanity. Thankfully there are not many people about like this, otherwise the world would be a lot more dangerous.

Coming down the scale we arrive at the over-enthusiastic Christians who ignore common sense and make themselves into anti-social nuisances. They distribute tracts to the detriment of the city’s appearance, they hound people with dynamic arguments, and they intrude their beliefs into every conversation. For them there is nothing more important than ‘the cause’ and the harder they strive to win souls, the less inclined people are to listen. They combine ignorance with tactlessness, and are sometimes terribly arrogant as well.

Further down the scale we come to people who, in the past, have given Christianity a certain ‘image’, such as the Quakers, or Pilgrim fathers, or the well-spoke Victorian Christians who lived a life of perfect modesty and prudence – so we are led to believe. Or perhaps the drum-pounding Salvation Army recruit, or the suffragette, or the Temperance Alliance leader shouting about alcohol as if it was the very elixir of Hell. They all have rather well-defined images, but they seem quite unrelated to today’s ‘modern’ world. Despite this they are often admired by even the hardened atheist. These people have an image which also often evokes a longing for the ‘good old days’ when black was black and white was white. The days of Dickens, and steam engines, and rural harmony.

But through all these different versions or models of Christianity there runs the same theme – a solid moral backbone. Even the raving cult leader has it. He is fanatical about honesty and personal integrity. He is ready to die for truth. The Salvation Army has it – obviously. The Victorian Christian is so upright she blushes at the sight of an ankle.

And this is exactly where the non-Christian stumbles, because there is a fairly general assumption that Christians have a monopoly on all the best morals, while the world is wicked and immoral, and utterly consumed in darkness. But is this really so?

Let us look at the list of virtues in Galatians chapter 6. The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance. Other translations use other words, like kindness, and self-control and faithfulness.

Do Christians have a monopoly over these virtues? Hardly. Just a single visit to the city by bus will demonstrate that all these virtues are operating freely in all of society all the time.

If you are fortunate, you will see the driver wait patiently at the stop until a late customer catches up, and you will see him considerately lift the poor woman’s heavy bag to her seat, and then someone will give up their seat so she may sit down. Later on you will see someone pick up and give back her purse, which she accidentally dropped. When you leave the bus you will see people holding hands, obviously in love, and a child will shout with happiness as his mother buys him a wonderful toy. In the shops you will see people waiting patiently in line, a man with a parrot gently tickling its breast, an old man walking very slowly across the street while a line of cars waits and the drivers smile at him, and further down the street you see a shopkeeper giving more than required to a customer who has very little money.

After a couple of hours you head home again, content in the knowledge that you have seen people showing love, being joyful, enjoying peace in the midst of noise and business, patiently waiting, being gentle, showing goodness, working faithfully, not answering back, obeying meekly, showing respect, and many of the people you saw were very self-controlled. The strange thing is, you saw not one Christian in all this crowd, or perhaps you did, but how would you ever know the difference, since all the people you passed were practicing the same morals.

Obviously Christian ethics are not a specific domain of the Christian.

But perhaps, someone may counter, Christian ethics are common to the Western world because Christianity has had such an influence over the last few hundred years. The Reformation in England may have introduced Christian ethics into a population which was not formerly Christian in any way, shape or form. What would we find if we went back to pre-Reformation times?

Pre-Reformation England was still influenced by the church, in this case mainly the Roman church, so we shall have to go back to Roman times, because the Romans were very pagan, having many gods and goddesses to worship and thank and pray to. Let us look at about 55 BC, when Rome made its first hesitant steps into Britain. The ambitious Julius Caesar landed with an army and began to explore this uncharted island around the north. He wrote of the Britons:

“The population is exceedingly large and the cattle very numerous. Tin is found inland and small quantities of iron near the coast. There is timber of every kind, except beech. Most of the tribes of the interior do not grow corn, but live on milk and meat and wear skins. All the Britons dye their bodies with woad, which makes them a blue colour, and this gives them a terrifying appearance in battle”.

In order to operate mines, and work with timber, farm and milk cows, build houses and so on, a certain amount of consideration, self-control and honesty must be built into the population, otherwise it would lapse into anarchy. It looks as if Christian ethics were alive and well in pre-Roman as well as pre-Reformation times.

The point is, Christian ethics are neither new or original, and they do not represent a sweeping revolution in moral codes. There is hardly anything new or different at all about Christian ethics. They have been around since Adam and Eve were created, and they are common to every civilization and tribe which has ever lived. And, lest anyone raises the question, the Ten Commandments were not the first appearance of a moral code either, because long before Moses ascended Mount Sinai, the peoples of the world practised or broke every precept of the Decalogue.

From Ancient Egyptian writings:

“I have not slain men”,

“Terrify not men or God will terrify thee”

“I have not brought misery upon my fellows. I have not made the beginning of every day laborious in the sight of him who worked for me”

“I have not been grasping”

“Love thy wife studiously. Gladden her heart all thy life long”

“I was a staff by my Father’s side . . . I went in and out at his command”

From Ancient Norse writings:

“In hell (Nastrond) . . . I saw murderers”

“Man is man’s delight”

From Ancient Hindu writings:

“He who is cruel and calumnious has the character of a cat”

“He who is asked for alms should always give”

“Your father is an image of the Lord of Creation, your mother an image of the Earth. For him who fails to honour them, every work of piety is in vain. This is the first duty”

“Children, old men, the poor, and the sick, should be considered as the lords of the atmosphere”

From Ancient Babylonian writings:

“Slander not”

“Has he . . . driven an honest man from his family? Broken up a well-cemented clan?”

“Speak kindness . . . show good will”

“Has he insulted his older sister?”

“Has he despised Father and Mother?”

From Ancient Chinese writings:

“Never do to others what you would not like them to do to you”

“He whose heart is in the smallest degree set upon goodness will dislike no-one”

“When the people have multiplied, what next should be done for them? The Master said, Enrich them. Jan Ch’iu said, When one has enriched them, what next should be done for them? The aster said, Instruct them”

“Surely proper behaviour to parents and elder brothers is the trunk of goodness”

“If a ruler . . . compassed the salvation of the whole state, surely you would call him Good? The Master said, It would no longer be a matter of “Good”. He would without doubt be a Divine Sage”

“When proper respect towards the dead is shown at the end and continued after they are far away, the moral force of a people has reached its highest point”

From Ancient Roman writings:

“Nature urges that a man should wish human society to exist and should wish to enter it”

“Men were brought into existence for the sake of men that they might do one another good”

“What good man regards any misfortune as no concern of his?”

“I am a man; nothing human is alien to me”

“Part of us is claimed by our country, part of us by our parents, part by our friends”

These and many more quotes could be added, from other nations of the past, but the evidence is already clear that all these past nations were already practising the basics of Christian ethics long before Christianity ever appeared. It is therefore nonsense to consider Christian moral behaviour as being any different from the best moral behaviour of any other person. It also shows us that our neighbour, for all his faults, and that shopkeeper we see every week, and the Prime Minister and the children at the local school – all of them are moral to a certain extent, and their morality is similar in many ways to the best morality which the best Christian lives by.

But this is exactly what we should expect to find. Genesis tells us that Mankind came straight from the creative word of God, therefore Mankind bears a likeness to the Creator. God is pure and moral, therefore Mankind shows some of this likeness, despite sin. Romans tells us that the Gentiles (the non-Jews who do not have the aw of God to refer to) “show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness . . .”(Rom.2:15) Morals are built into the human race, and have been there since the first humans, and thence to their children, and outwards into all the nations. (All the nations in the world represent only one nation which has subdivided)

So, if all people display Christian ethics, what is so different about Christians? The answer: They are the only people who have admitted that they do not always live up to the moral standards which God requires. They have come to the cross and admitted that they deserve to die for their sins. They have accepted Jesus as their Saviour. And they alone have decided to turn away from immorality for the sake of Jesus.

When it comes to moral or ethical differences between Christians and unbelievers (I am sorry to say) there is sometimes very little difference, in fact some Christians are put to shame by the moral uprightness of unbelievers. But  moral uprightness is not the criterion by which people may gain heaven. If it were I too would be a long way down the queue.

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For the historical quotations in this article I am indebted to C.S.Lewis’ book ‘The Abolition of Man’ pages 49-59

Blessings connected with being a christian

When someone writes a great book, someone else usually comes along and writes a summary of it. By this means what begins as a 500 page effort is condensed down to a mere half page. The essential points and qualities of the whole work are captured in a few words, yet the person who reads the few words and thinks he understands the whole book is dreadfully misguided. What the condensation does is rob the whole work of its splendour – like reducing the mighty sun to a pin-prick of light, or drawing the Atlantic ocean as a mere diagram on a sheet of paper.

And E = mc2

The universe is full of such condensations produced by Man. And it doesn’t matter how large or grand the object is, Man will reduced it to about the size of a blurb on the back cover of a novel. For example galaxies, which are unbelievably large, are grouped together into clusters and given numbers, the nine planets, spinning through the immensity of space, are called a solar system, the whole interconnected web of life on this planet is summed up as a biosphere. Humans themselves, not content with summarising the infinite and immense, also classify themselves, using several simple words, converting and reducing the amazingly complex down to the simplest of drawings and diagrams, and many people have the impression that if they look at a few of these medical diagrams they will have understood the body.

In a similar way, a person once told me “I have read the Bible” as if that was sufficient effort to absorb the entire book. The whole infinite universe of the Creator’s wisdom, straight from His Mind, through the mouths and pens of prophets and inspired souls, encapsulated into a few pages – and this person was quite sure that he had “read” the Bible.

Let us look at the realities.

It is not possible for any individual or even the whole human race combined to fully seek out or understand the things which God has made, though that boast is often implied in some of the statements which come from some people, especially in the world of science. DNA may have been discovered and analysed, but there is a huge difference between counting the nucleic acids and understanding the meaning of their sequences, and even if that were accomplished there would still be the question of what exactly are atoms, and why do they even exist as they do? What is energy? What is time? How many dimensions are there? There is a vast difference between mapping the planet and actually understanding the network of interdependencies. Science may think it has worked out many things, but there is still an enormous amount left undetected.

A simple illustration would be to imagine humans were only as big as an average bacterium. Suppose God had placed Adam and Eve on a small leaf of a plant 6000 years ago. The human race may have grown to its present population but it would still be more or less confined to the same leaf. There is still the garden to discover, then the hillside, then the other hills, the country, the lakes, mountains and rivers, and finally the whole planet. Man the bacterium might boast of his knowledge while he peers over the edge of the leaf, but God is wiser than Man.

This unfortunate habit by people, of condensing large things and making them seem very small, has led to many problems. People who are unaware of their own ignorance (in the better sense) are quick to make broad generalisations, forgetting their limited knowledge. One cannot possibly understand the large simply by glimpsing the small, and although generalisations are very useful, they can also destroy.

For example the question of healing. The condensed view is so narrow the book of Job is an embarrassing exception, because Job suffered great sickness, for no apparent reason, despite keeping his side of the healing covenant in the Law. He obeyed, therefore he should have been well, but he was sick, and God did not tell him why. The broad view includes Job but brings no final solution to the puzzle. If we keep to the narrow view we have no explanation for Job’s sickness – but if we broaden our view we have to allow more of God’s sovereignty in, which leaves us feeling ignorant and helpless before a God who does what He pleases. Many people do not like to feel helpless and ignorant, so they become dogmatic, and demand healing – thus overruling God’s sovereignty. People who accept the broad view ask for healing but accept whatever happens because they know God is in control no matter how things may look.

The large view needs the small, yet the small does not faithfully reproduce the large because God is bigger than our understanding.

Health, Healing and Prosperity.

There is no doubt in my mind that God intends to give most Christians good health. Health is what Jesus gave to all the sick who came to him. God’s name is Ropheka, which means the Healer. But healing is not as clear cut as some would like it to be. Jesus healed to prove that he was the Messiah. He does not need to prove this any more. His three year ministry set the seal on his identity and, although healing is still available today, it is not so common. Why? God alone knows. The proof of this however is clear to see – not all Christians are healed when they become sick, and not all Christians are healthy. Many suffer from many diseases and disabilities. Sickness is a fact of life, and Christians are often cut down by it regardless of their faith, zeal or prayers. So the small is not a full summary of the large. God heals, but the subject of healing is much larger than the front seats in a church. Healing is broader and fuller than a few people having their headaches cured, or their sore backs eased of pain. Healing is part of the big picture, though it is also included in the small.

The broad view of health and healing covers all human frailties, all genetic disorders, recovery from death, restoration of all things, the ultimate expansion of God’s everlasting kingdom, and whatever fullness God has planned for that kingdom somewhere in the future. It is only the small-mindedness of people which makes the difficulties seem impossible to solve. Lack of understanding leads to false conclusions. If we could all see things from the larger view, the expansive view, the broad, wide aerial view from heaven which God alone has, we would not get so caught up in the minutiae of questions.

Perhaps Jesus on the cross is the best example of this. To many on-lookers Jesus was doomed, cursed and beyond help. Nobody survived crucifixion (when it was carried out properly). Yet Jesus was about to turn the cross into a healing power. The pain was about to become a river of life. Death was about to become the elixir of eternal youth. The small view saw a man suffering on a cross, but the large view saw a 4000 year sequence from the first Adam to the second Adam, and during this time the preservation of a few souls during a global flood, the rise and fall of empires, the slow transformation of nations from scattered tribes, wars, droughts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, inventions and progress, followed by more thousands of years, the Dark Ages, the Reformation, the rise of modern city states, until finally that suffering man on the cross became the returning King of Glory. And even this summary is a very narrow view of something indescribably vast.

There was a man in Christchurh, much-loved, a dear brother to many, who began to die of cancer. The fellowship prayed for him regularly, they laid hands on him, the elders prayed, the fellowship fasted, oil was used, and still he died. Every Biblical procedure was followed yet he died. The small view was simple: God had failed to heal. Many people’s faith was damaged. They couldn’t trust the healing promises implicitly any more. There was an uncertainty, as to whether such effort and faith should go into praying for the next sick person. Was God fickle? Did He deliberately shun the prayers of His children?

But the larger picture placed the man in God’s everlasting kingdom at the day of resurrection, and the sickness he went through paled into insignificance compared to the enormous weight of glory he was to be welcomed into. God had obviously over-ruled and called the saint away from this Earth. The fellowship should have accepted this. The healing had occurred, but after the grave not before it.

So health and healing are two of the tiny words we use to summarise huge things. The third tiny word is prosperity.

I believe it is God’s will to give to most (but not all) Christians, health, healing and prosperity, but there are always exceptions, and we must never allow the exceptions to become the rule. And we must be very careful about what we mean when we say “health”, “healing” and “prosperity” because there are many shades to each of these colours.

The small view is pathetically shallow. If health and healing means : no sickness all my life, even if I live 120 years, and if I break a leg it will snap back to health 5 minutes later, then I will have entered something like Edenic conditions before sin entered the world. Or perhaps Jesus has returned? And can you imagine the rush to join the church if this miraculous health happened to all Christians? And think of the mess it would make of theology – people would be walking by “sight”, not by faith; false Christians would be just as self-centred as ever, and many people would use their God-given health as a tool to advance their evil work as they went about in Satan’s kingdom.

Health, healing and prosperity had very little positive impact on Israel when they were travelling from Egypt to Canaan. Israel had 40 years of steady, reliable food, and water, and clothes which never wore out, yet they remained wicked and rebellious. Healing did not change their hearts or cause them to be obedient to God.

Ten lepers were healed yet only one returned with thanks.

Health and healing are sometimes given, but they are never the rule. The Church is sometimes blessed by health and healing, but this is the exception, never the rule. The big picture cannot allow for that sort of thing just yet.

Prosperity also means many different things. To the greedy and covetous it means money and worldly goods. To the money-hungry Christian it means receiving more than he or she gives – like exorbitant interest. It can lead a Christian to gamble, and make prayers for lotto tickets or whatever. It can draw the saints into commercial cults where they prey on their brothers and sisters in order to make more money. God suddenly becomes the money-machine who must be played, coaxed, pleaded with and pressured to shower the wealth down.

Prosperity of a kind was something Jesus always had, yet he grew up in a poor neighbourhood and during his whole public ministry he always depended on others for his support. This shows that prosperity must be a larger thing than money or clothes, houses or goods. Perhaps the meaning of “prosperity” expands to fill the whole universe, and the tiny definition we sometimes have is the sort of thing a beggar might imagine who, in his ignorance is only reflecting the state of his own heart? Why must we measure prosperity in terms of things anyway? The beggar would consider a three-course meal a great wealth, whereas a wealthy person would need a palace to think of wealth. It is all relative.

So the small view always produces sin and ignorance, frustration and anger. The small view is the binoculars held the wrong way round. The narrow understanding is the Jewish leader who wouldn’t pick the corn on a Sabbath in case it was considered “work”. The tiny definition excludes the bigness of God and reduces His Great Heart down to a formula made of a handful of words.

We must be very careful what we mean when we use the words health, healing or prosperity. They are not small concepts.
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Another big three are the things which all Christians have (or OUGHT TO have) in common: Love, Freedom and Equality.

I came across a Christian woman who had married then divorced a Christian man only to marry another Christian man. I’m stressing “Christian” because there are some who like to look for a loophole and say that non-Christian marriages don’t count.

The woman was worried that she might be sinning, because the only place in the whole Bible which allows for a person to re-marry is when the other partner in the marriage has committed adultery (Matthew 19:9). There have been many cases, in my knowledge, where Christians have been shunned or spoken to unkindly over this issue, but what does the Bible say?

First, we are to love each other, regardless of what we might think of another Christians conduct. If we are told to love our enemies, how much more should we love our brethren? There is no room for intolerance or rejection on our part, even though we may rightly feel disgust or anger over what our brother or sister has done.
Second, we are called to walk in God’s sight as individuals. This means that I am accountable to God for my life as an individual, just as all other saints are accountable to God for their individual lives as individuals. I cannot hide behind a group, and neither can any other saint. It is as if God has only one human on the entire planet – you.

Certainly there is discipline in a healthy church, but there is no warrant given for individual Christians to go about laying down the Law when they see offences in other Christians. It is no saint’s job to be a gossip, a judge, or a busybody.

The only time I would see a place for presenting a criticism is indirectly through the preaching of the Word, and in the case of someone actually asking me for my opinion. If I volunteer my thoughts I am stepping out of my place and invading God’s territory.

So what is the correct approach?

Kindly, and lovingly present what the Bible says then back off. I am not God, or an apostle. I am restricted to only one authority, the Bible, and it is my ‘job’ to present what God says. If I am asked, I share what God says, but if I am not asked I say nothing. I try to love, regardless of what the other saint is doing.

As Paul said in Romans 12, some saints eat meat, some don’t. Its really none of my business what they do, and by the same token they ought to leave me alone too.

This principle can be extended widely. There was a time when many Christians thought slavery was supported by the Bible, but other Christians thought otherwise. If I had lived 200 years ago I might have defended slavery “from the Scriptures”. I could not do that today.

Some Christians march, fly or sail to war, believing God is with them – others stay home believing that God does not support Christians in uniform.
Some Christians go into politics – others refuse to.
Some Christians avoid church – others go every Sunday.
Some Christians prefer a Pastor – others prefer elders.
Some Christians go to movies – others are sure Satan rules Hollywood.
The list is extensive, and in every case it is none of my business what another Christian thinks or does. To God they answer and to God alone they must live.

So Christian love is (or ought to be) unconditional, and as broad as God’s heart. Every erring child in His kingdom needs to know they are accepted, and loved – otherwise they lose the incentive to keep trying. God knows our ignorance and frailty, but he never gives up on us, despite our shaky and often pathetic progress. In the same way a father supports a child as it learns to ride a bicycle, and never abandons the child when the first (or second, or third) crash happens. It takes time. God is patient with his saints. He helps and supports, and picks up, and restarts, and encourages, year after year. He loves us.

But look at the contrasts in the churches which God has to ‘live with’ so to speak: Some Christians revel in vegetarianism, some don’t. Some fire missiles, some march for peace. Some smoke, some hate cigarettes. Some drink, some will not touch a drop. Some marry and re-marry (and remarry again), without a single twinge of the conscience. Some will never marry. Some listen to rock music. Some prefer classical. Some gamble, some refuse to. Some worship on Saturday, others prefer Sunday. Some practise baptism, others don’t. Some have communion, some see no place for it. Some play computer games excessively, others never play them. Some love the TV soaps, others abhor the soaps. Some work hard, some are lazy. Some are evangelical, some couldn’t care less. Some read the Bible every day, others almost never. Some have hobbies, some refuse them as ‘distractions’. There is huge variety in the Church, and a multitude of personalities and lifestyles. But God loves all the saints and accepts all their choices and the variety which follows. Many of these choices are a result of ignorance, or sin, but it is not for me, or any other Christian to go about ‘correcting’ these saints unasked.

Freedom. This word is always open to abuse, so before we look at what it means we ought to see what it does not mean. Freedom does not mean the abandonment of God or His rules. Liberalism is not freedom. Licence is not freedom. Obedience, as an act of choice, is the best form of freedom, when that obedience is given to the Lord Jesus. True freedom is willing submission to Jesus.

But having said this we know that Christians are free to act and speak, dress and sing, work and play, in a wide variety of ways within the limits laid down by God. It is a bit like swimming between the flags – one can do all sorts of things in the water between the flags but there is great danger in doing anything at all outside those flags.

For example, some Christian women like to wear make-up, while others avoid it. Some Christian men are not bothered by their ‘scarecrow’ appearance, while other men are fastidious. Some Christians like loud music and emotionalism, while other Christians prefer to be quiet and restrained. Some Christians play sport on Sunday, others will not. Some tithe, others refuse to. Some are generous, some are not. There are dozens of issues over which Christians differ – in the areas of worship, dress, music, dance, the media, politics, literature, art and so on. The Bible says Christians are free to choose whatever lifestyle they want, with the only provision being the moral law – they ought to ask themselves : is what I am doing morally clean, free of obscenities, honest, true, etc? Is it free of cruelty? Is it free of pride or snobbery? Is it kind to animals? Is it helpful? Is it a good witness to other saints? i.e. Is it Christian?

Paul exercised his own personal freedom when he said he was a Greek to the Greeks and a Jew to the Jews, in fact whatever the other man was like, Paul was like him (without sinning). This shows a huge amount of flexibility and adaptability. Paul knew how to change his manner/s to match whoever he was trying to reach. His words, dress and interests were modified to meet the lifestyle of the person he was witnessing to.

This highlights one of the big problems which most churches have today. They are often very inflexible – unable to change in order to reach the people outside their doors. Instead, they expect the lost to come in and for them to change to match the church. This is like expecting a visitor to a hospital to change his clothes, put on a white coat, wear a stethoscope, and use medical jargon in a doctor’s conference. The lost or unchurched person usually has no wish to be like the Christians, nor do they usually understand what Christians are talking about when they use jargon like “propitiation” and “Eucharist” or “ecumenical”.

But ‘freedom’ is wider than simply making choices between the flags. God has never barred the way for more than that, although He has given warnings about what will happen of the flags are ignored. Christians are in fact free to be whatever they like. They are free to do and say anything they wish. God will discipline them if they choose to stray beyond the flags, but He does not make it impossible. Adam and Eve were permitted to sin, but they were warned about the consequences. Here is the perfect balance between free will, responsibility and discipline. Discipline does not negate choice, but discipline does confirm the fact that choice is available.

As Paul said “All things are lawful to me, but not all things are expedient” 1Cor.6:12.

Equality. Why is it that, whenever fellowships form, there are always some who take leadership roles, and others who take less public or less obvious roles? These imbalances arise because of differences in personality, attitude and gifting (talents) within the fellowship. But in a fellowship where someone leads, there is a natural tendency to regard that leader as more important than the people who prefer to be listeners. Unfortunately, leaders often wear special clothes, badges, door signs, or practise distinguishing ceremonies. They give orders, or take on more responsibility than they ought to. The Bible says all Christians are equal – in the sense that they are all of equal value to God. Certainly some talents are more public than others, but since when did gifts equal value? Does a parent love the talented piano-playing son more than the hairdresser daughter? Does a parent love the singing child more than the non-singing? Such bias would be unjust.

In the same way God has no favourites. Gifted Christians are expected to serve just as much as less gifted, and Jesus actually commanded Christians to place in leadership those who were “least esteemed” among them. Luke 9:48. This turns leadership on its head! It is not the loud, ‘charismatic’ person who should take the lead, but the humble, meek person, who places God’s word above his own ability. Some leadership is simply an expression of pride, or emulation, a desire to ‘call the shots’, and perhaps to gain money.

Equality works on many levels. There should be equality between men and women, adults and children, and children with children. The oldest saint should not think of him or herself as any better than the youngest new convert. The only difference between Christians is the distance down the road we have all travelled. Some of us are just beginning the journey, while others have walked for many years. The road is the same under all our feet and we all share in the same everlasting kingdom when this life is over. That is a kind of eternal equality too.

Footnotes:

The happiest Christians are those who have found no reason to condemn themselves (Romans 14:22) They have escaped the misery of self-condemnation because they love themselves. They love themselves because they know God loves them, and that is more important to them than worldly peer pressure, church peer pressure, or self-image pressure. They know that the relationship they have with God is a good one. They enjoy being themselves, and they live life according to their relationship to God – not according to other people’s expectations or rules or customs. Inner harmony is the greatest blessing in the Christian life, and it is also the basis on which a Christian should live.

If I love God, I will also love myself. If I am made in God’s image I must accept that I am the way I am because God made me this way. If I love myself, I can have the confidence to love others. Without self-love life can be miserable, but with self-love, I can enjoy being me, and better demonstrate God working in my life.

Acupuncture

There is no doubt in my mind that acupuncture works, but just why it works, and how it works are still open questions. Acupuncture is used in the general area of treatment of the sick, and also generally, there are only two methods of treatment – Chinese and Western – both are based on two different philosophies. How we view acupuncture therefore depends on which philosophy we believe, or which culture we come from. Acupuncture may work on a cat too, but in this case the cat has no understanding as to why it is helped, therefore the issue is twofold. Medically, and in a practical way, acupuncture works, but philosophically, there is more than one reason, and each reason depends on what you bring to the phenomenon rather than what is already there.

In a similar way, many people believe in astrology. These believers point to certain results as proof that the stars and planets do indeed have an influence over people’s lives, yet an astronomer may point out that, while some of the predictions are correct, they are correct for entirely different reasons. A psychologist or sociologist might have a better explanation too.

Again, there are people who claim that certain kinds of music have a beneficial effect on the growing ability of plants. A horticulturist may explain this growth on entirely different things – care and attention, light, soil, seed quality, etc. The same results can be interpreted different ways, depending on what the observer already believes.

Some people believe that a plant is helped if it is spoken to, while other people believe that the person who speaks to plants will also care for them in other ways, thus producing a beneficial effect on the plant.

While acupuncture has its beneficial effects in entirely practical and logical causes, the Chinese person and the Westerner both interpret these causes in ways which suit their own philosophical bias.

Some Christians I know of have no hesitation in slamming acupuncture as ‘New Age’ (and therefore evil, and of the Devil). Other Christians – a minority – heartily commend it, not only because it “cured my arthritic pains” but also because “the cat’s never looked better”. And of course what would a cat understand about acupuncture?

This is the main problem when the subject is brought up : is it good or bad? Should a Christian use acupuncture, or would that be the same as consulting an astrologer? Should a Christian use exclusively Western medical treatment, or is acupuncture a ‘legitimate’ type of treatment which ought to be placed alongside Western drugs, Western anaesthetics, and Western surgery?

One encyclopaedia says that ‘acupuncture is a system of inserting long, thin metal needles into the body at predetermined points to relieve pain, or, as an anaesthetic in surgery, and to assist healing. The needles are rotated manually or electrically.” Notice the word ‘predetermined’. This means that if the needles are not pushed in at the right places, the pain-relief is not produced. (If they are pushed in at the wrong places they may cause injury or no relief. Acupuncture seems to have started over 3000 years ago.)

Chinese philosophy maintains that the whole functioning of the body and mind are dependent on the normal flow of body energy, or life force, which they call Chi. Chi is said to be a universal energy which surrounds and pervades everything. It can be taken in and used to maintain good health, and it can also be expelled once used.

Western philosophy, on the other hand, recognises that certain foods contain high concentrations of vitamins and minerals. When a person feels ‘run down’ the Chinese would say the life force is low, and the patients is needing more Chi, while the Westerner would say they needed to improve their diet. The Western remedy is based on research, while the Chinese remedy is based on philosophy. Most people in the West trust the Western way of treatment because vitamins and minerals have been observed, whereas Chi is undetectable.

Another Chinese belief is Yin and Yang. These are said to be aspects of everything, such as right and left, negative and positive. They cannot exist apart from each other, and their imbalance causes malfunctions. Yin is associated with coldness, slowness, dimness, quietness and solidity. Yang is said to be hot, fast, bright, excited and insubstantial. Yin represents female characteristics, and Yang represents male characteristics.

The Western way of looking at this is similar to a certain extent, in that it is basic, good science that all forces work together, even though they may be opposites. Buoyancy and gravity, cold and heat, light and dark, etc. Every male has some female characteristics, and every female has some male characteristics, but these are determined by hormones, which are complicated chemicals whose structure has been analysed, which can be observed under a microscope. The Chinese may have different words for opposite forces, but the forces themselves always obey known laws, and so can be treated with known treatments.

For example white blood cells are the body’s defence against infection. These cells need many things, including vitamins C, E, zinc and magnesium. An infection may be caused by a deficiency in these things.

Western treatment may be 1. an antibiotic to treat the infection, or 2. a change of diet, to give the white blood cells the things they need to recover their strength.

The Chinese way of looking at it would be to say that the yin and yang are out of balance. The Chinese cure may be brought about by 1. antibiotics, or 2. a change of diet.

So the two philosophies behind the treatment are quite different. One deals with germs or viruses, while the other deals with the flow of energies, and the balance between opposing forces.

Because the Chinese believe in Chi, they also believe that Chi flows into and out of the body. Chi is said to flow through channels, or lines like tubes, through the body, in 12 pairs, plus a few others. Each of the 12 major meridians is associated with an organ of the body. The meridians are said to have surges of energy, and slackness of energy at different times in the day.

The Western approach is different. It explains the energy fluctuations in terms of blood-sugar levels, and hormones, whether one has had enough sleep, or whether one is bored, or working too hard, and also the fact that we all have a biological clock in our brain which regulates our wake-sleep cycle. Humans go through different levels of alertness and energy as their bodies pass through a daily natural cycle – wake, eat, work, eat, work, eat, sleep. To the Western mind, the fluctuations have nothing at all to do with meridians and Chi and universal energy flows. They are all things which can me measured and recorded in natural terms.

Treatment by acupuncture.

The Chinese view is to look at the symptoms and then begin to insert needles at points along the meridian along which it is believed that the problem lies. Every complaint has its meridian points, but the positioning of the needles correctly is the result of a vast amount of subtle factors.

In classical Chinese philosophy, it is believed that the world consists of only five elements : earth, wood, water, metal and fire. All these elements, say the Chinese, are in the human body. Western science, on the other hand, has shown that none of these ‘elements’ is a simple, or separate thing by itself, and none of them is an element in the Table of Elements. But the Chinese view is that these five elements are intimately involved with all things, including the meridians. The heart meridian, for example, is believed to be also a fire meridian, since heat comes from the heart.

The Western view would say that heat is pumped by the heart, but not produced entirely by it. As to fire, well the digestive process, and basic metabolism produce heat, not no mention the muscles when they are working hard.

The Chinese view is that disruption to one element will affect all the others. The Western view agrees with the principle, but not the philosophy. A sore toe can affect the mind, the heart and the digestion, but not because of elements or meridians, but because of pain, and the distraction or stress of that pain.

Now comes the complicated part. If acupuncture was simply a matter of poking a needle into a point on a meridian, just about anyone could do it to themselves, but the Chinese method includes several other aspects. There are rules governing the effects of elements upon each other, and therefore of meridians on each other. These relationships are compared to mother-child, and servant-master relationships.

For example wood is said to control earth, since it grows in and over it. Earth controls water by damming and diverting it. Water controls fire by extinguishing it. Fire controls metal by melting it. Metal controls wood by fashioning it into tools and other things. So now we have returned to where we started.

Therefore : the wood meridians (liver and gall Bladder) exert control over the earth meridians (spleen and stomach). These two control the water meridians (urinary, bladder and kidney), which control the fire meridians (small intestine, heart, and pericardium). The fire meridians control the metal meridians (lung, and large intestine) and the metal meridian controls the wood meridians.

So each meridian has four connections through the five elements. Each meridian is nourished by one meridian and controlled by another, it then nourishes a third and controls a fourth. Therefore each element is connected with every other element. Into this web of connections we must also add the yin and yang forces.

Acupuncture is therefore the control, it is believed, of energy flows, not bacteria or viruses.

That the Chinese approach is quite often correct, but for the wrong reasons, can be illustrated from time to time. One example is the Chinese view that the liver and the heart are linked by meridians and elements. The Western view is that the liver is the storehouse for various vitamins and minerals, including iron and vit.B12, which are essential for blood formation. A deficiency in the liver may have a serious effect on the blood, causing anaemia, which may affect the action of the heart, which is put under stress during anaemia.

Another example is the link between the spleen and the heart. Red blood cells, which are the oxygen carriers, have a life span of about 120 days. Having reached this age they are replaced by new cells, and the old cells are broken down, the iron from them being reused in the bone marrow to form new cells. However, the breaking down of the cells is done in the spleen. In some forms of anaemia, where excessive quantities of blood cells are broken down, the heart may be affected, and in extreme cases, heart failure may follow.

What Westerners call the independent functioning of the whole body, the Chinese interpret in terms of energy, and meridians, and elements. The treatments sometimes work on the same principles, but the philosophy behind the treatment is very different. Cures may follow, but again, the interpretation of why the cure was effected may also be quite different. Disease is not seen as bacterial or viral, but in terms of invasion of harmful Chi.

This whole Chinese approach is quite understandable when we consider that bacteria were not even seen until the 18th century, so some other explanation was likely. Other societies blamed evil spirits for sickness, or the Devil, or the actions of a god or goddess.

Since acupuncture is but one part of the whole Chinese medical system, we will skim over some of the other tools. As you will see, the tools and the reasons for using them are quite similar in some ways but also very different in others, to those which the Westerner uses.

The Chinese medical kit also includes the Six External Factors : cold, wind, damp, dryness and summer heat. Thus if a person comes down with the flu, the diagnosis might be ‘invasion of cold’. Whatever illness comes, there may be one or more of the External Factors involved. A case of having two at the same time would be summer heat (yin) accompanied by drinking cold water (yang) – thus we have a fever with great thirst. The Westerner would talk in terms of sweating, high temperature, and viral infection.

And there are also the Seven Emotional Factors : joy, anger, melancholy, obsessional thinking, grief, fear and fright. Each emotion has a yin or yang association, and affects different elements and meridians.

The Western approach would be to notice how certain emotions released certain beneficial or harmful hormones, or caused peace or stress on certain parts of the body.

As well as all the above, there are four Miscellaneous Factors : 1. stagnant blood and phlegm, 2. irregular eating, 3. excessive stress, 4. lack of physical exertion and trauma.

There are also Eight Syndromes. Having ascertained the type of syndrome from which the patient is suffering, the acupuncturist has to then decide which parts of the body are affected, which meridians are involved, what affect each needle will have on all the other factors involved, and where the Chi energy is flowing.

When a Western doctor takes a pulse, he places two fingers over the radial artery in the wrist. He may also use a stethoscope and an ECG machine (electrocardiogram). By using these tools, the Western doctor can easily diagnose a patient, and observe and monitor the heart rhythm over a number of days. He can also see at a glance whether the patient’s heart is improving or not.

When a Chinese doctor takes a pulse, he feels the same stretch of artery but in six different places on both wrists. He will try to find twelve major meridians and assess the balance of the Chi as it flows to and from the organs. He will take into account the yin and yang forces, and work out the effect the acupuncture may have on the balance of the five elements.

That there are many different kinds of pulse is obvious. A weak heart produces a weak pulse, and so on. But the Chinese system of interpretation differs dramatically from the Western interpretation.

For example an irregular heartbeat, to a Westerner, may be due to an electrical misfiring of the muscles of the heart. The Chinese doctor would say that the blood is stagnating and interfering with the flow of Chi and yang. Depending on the interpretation, needles would be inserted according to the interpretation of the symptoms.

Chinese doctors look at the patient in many ways. They examine the tongue, the eye, the health of the skin. They ask about personal habits, eating preferences, diet, lifestyle, work load, sleeping habits, and many other things. Using experience, general knowledge, and deduction, the likely causes of some illnesses can be assessed. Gradually a patient profile is built up, but in most cases, a completely different interpretation is made out of the information – compared to the interpretation a Western doctor would draw from the same information.

Far from making fun of the Chinese method of diagnosis, we ought to respect them for their care and diligence towards the sick and injured. When an acupuncturist pushes a needle into a point which, for example, may be specific for dispelling the effects of “invasion by wind” from the body, his aim is to change the flow of Chi, and to restore harmony to the patient in the way he believes it can be done. To the Western doctor, such talk of a “life force” is sheer nonsense. Western science likes to measure and record real things, and a “life force” is not measurable.

But there is a Book which speaks of a “life force” and that is the Bible. Chinese medicine, as I see it, is a sincere attempt to treat that invisible but real “life force” which makes the non-living materials of our body into “a living organism” (Gen.2:7). The Bible truth that “God breathed life into Man” has been obscured and twisted into a medical practise which tries to work with, in a sense, ‘the breath of God’ – a noble aim, but not very promising. Why? Because in the end, all the Chinese medical system can change is the machine, the body, the material aspect of the human. This is exactly the same as Western medical system, only Western medicine uses a vast array of machines, and examines the material side of the illness in far greater detail. Westerners usually think that Western medicine is superior to Chinese medicine because the latter is not surrounded by ‘science’ and machines.

But in both cases there is, increasingly, a desire to take a sick or injured person and restore them to health – mental, physical and, dare we say it, spiritual health – this is nothing but holism. But this aim is not some modern new idea. It has been taught, by God, for more than 4000 years.

Treating the whole person has always been the aim of God. Throughout the Bible there are references to wholeness, and harmony, in body and spirit, but they are always connected with obedience to and love for God. Holistic medicine started in the Bible first, and was picked up, partly, by the Chinese, and others, to become a form of medicine without Christianity.

“God be merciful to us, and bless us; and cause his face to shine upon us; Selah.

That His way may be known upon earth, His saving health among all nations”. Ps.67:1

“Trust in the LORD with all your heart; and lean not on your own understanding.

In all your ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct your paths.

Be not wise in your own eyes: fear the LORD, and depart from evil.

It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones”. Proverbs 3:5-8

“My son, attend to my words; incline your ear to my sayings.

Let them not depart from your eyes; keep them in the midst of your heart.

For they are life to those that find them, and health to all their flesh”. Proverbs 4:20-22

“Beloved, I wish above all things that you may prosper and be in health, even as your soul prospers. 3 John 1:2

Many of the cures brought about by acupuncture and acupressure are a result of manipulation of either the hormones or the nervous system. Modern medicine is still struggling to understand these marvellous systems, and there is still a vast amount yet to be discovered. But some of the findings, as they relate to acupuncture, are interesting :

* The human body contains several nervous systems. One is the autonomic, which regulates the heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, bowels and reproductive organs. The autonomic comes in two parts – the sympathetic and the parasympathetic. These systems are intimately related, but they govern quite different functions. Acupuncture seems to affect these systems, though just how is still a mystery.

* Stimulation of acupuncture points has been shown to cause the body to release endorphins, which are painkilling chemicals.

An endorphin is a natural substance, a polypeptide, which modifies the action of nerve cells. Endorphins are produced by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, in vertebrates. They lower the perception of pain by reducing the transmission of signals between nerve cells.

As yet, no-one knows why acupuncture stimulates endorphin production.

* Felix Mann, in his book ‘Acupuncture: the Ancient Chinese Art of Healing’ puts forward the theory that the responses obtained in various organs of the body when points on the skin are stimulated, tie in with the way in which the body develops as an embryo. Each section of the body, together with its nerve supply, develops from a different section of the embryo. Very often, but not always, both an organ, and the acupuncture points that affect it lie in the same dermatome. These are the ‘meridians’ for the acupuncturist.

* The system of meridians and the belief that Chi flows in and out of the body may be just the Chinese description of the whole nervous system.

* Acupuncture works on animals – which have no interest, belief or faith in the practise. This proves that acupuncture works, but it does not explain why or how.

* Certain aspects of Chinese medicine deserve attention. Its first object is the prevention rather than the cure of a disease. This is helped along by the patient, who refuses to pay the doctor until a cure is effected. But the underlying theory is that the patient’s body is made of manyinterdependent parts, all of which affect each other. The patient is also seen in the context of his environment and lifestyle. (The movie ‘Patch Adams’ starring Robin Williams catches this idea admirably)

My own opinion on the whole matter is this : If people put God first, and obeyed Him, they would naturally tend to be healthy. This is actually ‘spiritual’ living, though in many ways it is just plain down-to-earth good sense. If people lived lives obedient to God, He would take their worries and stresses. He would guide them into constructive happiness and help them with every aspect of their lives. God’s love would cover their faults, and God’s great sacrifice – the death of His Son on the cross for their sins – would take away their guilt. His Spirit would empower them to live good lives, and their fellowship with other Christians would ensure harmony and peace. Because they loved God, they would want to please Him in every way. They would care for their bodies and treat them as “the temple of the Holy Spirit” ( 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 ), which is another way of saying that they would look after every aspect of their lives, including their environment – no ‘junk’ food, or overwork, or cigarettes, or other physical abuse. (Christians, incidentally, of all people, ought to be the ones who lead the way in health-foods – only the freshest and the best – fruit, vegetables and cereals. But sadly, many Christians abuse their bodies as much as any unbeliever. Some even give thanks to God before eating rubbish.)

It has been argued that Western medicine, for all its knowledge, has as little understanding as to how medical treatments work as Chinese doctors do as to how acupuncture works. The former, however, deals with the real world, which can be measured and recorded.

The Chinese method is based totally and completely on something which has never been seen, measured, or even proved to exist.

Western medicine is nearer to the Bible view of Man – that Man is quite often the only one responsible for his own ill health, and Man can utilise real substances from the world to cure himself. Man can also change his environment, and his lifestyle. As there is no mention of Chi in the Bible, it seems logical that it does not exist. If there is no such thing as Chi, then the remedies in the Bible are the most likely to succeed.

Personally, I prefer Western medicine, because, in certain ways, it seems nearer to the Christian view that God created a universe, and a world, and on this world He created plants and animals for the use of Man. The medicines which Western man extracts from plants are the material helps to man’s health. The invisible, spiritual aspect of Man can be helped by God, who alone is able to heal Man’s spirit.

“And (God) said, If you will diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD your God, and will do that which is right in his sight, and will give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that heals you.” Exodus 15:26

Research drawn from :

‘Acupuncture for Everyone’ by Ruth Lever

‘Hutchinson’s Encyclopaedia’ 3rd Ed.

‘A-Z of Complimentary Health’ by Barbara Nash

‘The Penguin Medical Encyclopedia’ by Peter Wingate

‘The Bible’ by the Living God, maker of heaven and earth.

Life and death

There are literally dozens of views and opinions about life and death – just what exactly is life (?), and what happens to our consciousness or self-awareness when we die (?). These views range from the materialist, who sees life as a random clustering of atoms which, for a brief moment in eternity produce a living creature, to the mystic, who thinks that life is either an illusion, or a passage through a multi-layered experience in which there is no death. The materialist sees life in terms of mechanics, the mystic sees life in terms of infinity in which all things are possible but nothing is provable.

Some people like to avoid the subject altogether by saying “I’ll know when I get there” or, “Its not for us to know such things”. There are also those who say, quite logically, that such things as life and death are unknowable, because (they say) the very people who enquire about it are also part of the whole machine, so to speak. It would be like a cog in a clock trying to understand the whole clock, they say. One would need to be separate from the clock in order to see it objectively, they say. There is some truth in this argument, but not enough to defeat the possibility of a cog being able to view its immediate surroundings and objectively come to some conclusions.

For example, there are some who claim to have mind-reading abilities. If this were the case, then we would expect to find that the ability to do this depended on some sort of transmission and reception, which implies some sort of power which has to be broadcast and picked up. Over short distances, this would probably not be detectable, but over distances of half a planet (as has been claimed) the transmission power would have to be immense – yet there is no noticeable or measurable energy loss in those who claim to be able to send a message over thousands of miles to someone else’s head.

The same can be said about those who claim that humans have an afterlife which consists of a semitransparent substance (ghosts). If this were true then we have many problems. First of all the belief in ‘ghosts’ contradicts the Bible, which says that God has designed humans to die once (Heb.9:27), and therefore to be resurrected only once (Matt.22:30 etc). There is also the great problem of ‘ghost clothes’ which seem to have an afterlife along with the people who wear them. ‘Ghosts’ may be real phenomena, but humans they are not.

The ‘eastern’ view of death also contradicts the Bible, because the idea that life is an endless succession of ‘levels’, or ‘realities’ of ‘existences’ (or that life is an illusion), implies that ultimately there is no final judgement. Man, it is presumed, will eventually rise, through his own efforts, to a state of perfection. Man is therefore not accountable to any Creator. There is no such thing as literal, unending death. But Jesus made it clear that this life we live now is the only chance we have to make peace with God, and that one day all the dead will rise to stand before the Great Throne of Judgement – to receive either rewards or punishments (Matt.19:28, 25:31,32, Luke 1:32, Acts 2:30)

The Bible speaks about life and death, but the difference between the Bible and all other accounts, is that the Bible makes the most sense. When it describes the origin of life and the origin of death, it places them in a consistently logical context.

One example of how this works, is the matter of moral accountability. It is universally and generally acknowledged, that some people are “good” and some people are “bad”. The common view is that Hitler was a “bad” man, who did many horrible and evil things to his fellow human beings – such as initiating a war, allowing the torture of prisoners, instituting the so-called medical ‘experiments’, ordering the building of gas chambers, overseeing the brutality towards Jews, and so forth. Along with Hitler can be included the Nazi Party, the Gestapo and a huge number of other people all connected to Hitler.

It is a common feeling, often expressed, that Hitler does not deserve mercy, that he and his clones are due some sort of punishment. The fact that people feel this way is because they have an in-built sense of right and wrong, and of justice and injustice. The belief that there must be some kind of final judgement is inherent in human nature. Logically, this sense of a necessity for judgement fits perfectly into the Bible account of Adam and Eve, who sinned and received an immediate reprimand. This satisfies our innate sense of justice. (What if God had said to Adam : “I don’t mind what you do. Go ahead and rape or kill Eve. It means nothing to me”? Our sense of justice would be forever violated – unless we ourselves were made the same way.)

Assuming therefore that the Bible is a true and accurate account, this little study will attempt to examine “Life” and “Death” from the Scriptures.

Life – what is it, and where did it come from?

“And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” Genesis 2:7

Here we have the account of the first living human in the whole history of the universe. The Materialist would be happy, because this human was made from the same ingredients as the soil. Other philosophies would also find something to suit their way of thinking, because it seems that just by rearranging the basic materials of the planet in an ordered and intelligent way, a living organism can be constructed.

But there is one thing here which no earthbound science can explain, and that is the “breath of life” which made the dead soul – the material shape of the human – into a “living soul”.

Logically, all life on earth comes under the category of “soul”. There are living souls and there are dead souls. It is a common misconception that humans have souls, but the account in Genesis shows that humans are souls.

In Hebrew the word “soul” is “nephesh”, which we call a “living organism”. All life on earth began as a “nephesh”, and then received the “breath of life”, becoming “living souls” or, as we would say, “living organisms”. Once this first understanding of what life is has been laid, the rest of the story can be built correctly on it.

One of the most common modern church traditions says that when people die some part of them, either their “soul” or their “spirit” goes somewhere – either heaven, or hell, or purgatory. Unfortunately, this teaching is not supported by Scripture, but rather caters (in some cases) for those who like to think kindly thoughts about the dead. It is always a pleasant alternative to think that when a Christian dies, they fly spiritually to God’s presence and don’t really die at all. But such fanciful thinking actually plays into the lie which Satan told to Adam and Eve (“You shall not surely die” Gen.3:4) and does damage to many other Bible teachings, such as :

“And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:” Genesis 3:22 Obviously, if Adam and Eve failed to eat of the second tree, they could not have lived for ever, so death means death, otherwise Satan was right.

When God warned (threatened) Adam with death for disobedience, He said “in the day you eat of it (the tree), you shall surely die” Gen. 2:16. The Hebrew expression is “dying you shall die” – a description which fits perfectly with ageing, sickness, deterioration and finally death. The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that all processes go towards a condition of greater probability, or increasing randomness i.e. All complex things gradually break down into less complex things. At the moment of creation, the universe and the earth were at their maximum complexity, and order, but when Adam sinned, a ‘winding down’ process began, and the effects are continuing with us today. “Death” is therefore a wider term, including the gradual breakdown of all material structures – DNA and genes accumulate errors, species die out, orbits of planets deteriorate, fuel supplies in stars are used up, comets disintegrate, gravity weakens, land masses disappear due to erosion, radioactive substances decay, and so on.

It would be unthinkable for God, having set the first principles down so clearly, to then go and contradict Himself, so what we should find from here on is a consistent teaching about life and death through the whole Bible.

When God breathed into Adam’s soul the “breath of life” He breathed the “neshamah” of life into the material shape of the creature-to-be. This same word is used elsewhere to denote the “breath of life” in a living organism.

“And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; [and] every thing that [is] in the earth shall die.” Genesis 6:17

“All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died.” Genesis 7:22

“For the life of the flesh is in the blood:” Leviticus 17:11 This was written long before it was discovered that blood cells capture oxygen (breath) and carry this gas to the body through arteries. The statement is therefore literally true.

“The Spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life.” Job 33:4

The word for “soul” is “nephesh” and in 754 places it means “living organism”. This means that God’s warning to Adam and Eve that if they disobeyed they would bring the sentence of “dying you shall die” upon themselves – and all creation, since it was part of their dominion was included under this sentence – and so when an organism dies, what happens is that God withdraws His “neshamah” or “breath of life” from it. Logically, this means that Christians and non-Christians, and animals are all equal in this respect.

Some people might object to the thought that Christians and animals share the same fate. This objection is dealt with more fully later on, but first let us look at Ecclesiastes 3:18 – 21 :

“I said in my heart concerning the estate of the sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they themselves are beasts.

For that which befalls the sons of men befalls beasts; even one thing befalls them: as the one dies, so dies the other; yes, they have all one breath; so that a man has no pre-eminence above a beast: for all is vanity.

All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.

Who knows the spirit of man that goes upward, and the spirit of the beast that goes downward to the earth?”

From the above passage we see that :

1. Animals (beasts) are the same as humans

2. Animals and humans both die

3. Animals and humans share the same breath

4. Animals and humans both return to dust

5. Humans are not better in any way from animals in this regard

6. Animals and humans go to the same place

7. The spirit (breath) of animals and humans is undetectable.

The last part is a rhetorical question. In light of what we already know, and the context of this question, we can see that the question must be answered by words “Nobody knows where the breath goes.”

Ecclestiastes 9:1 – 6 shows that there is no communication between the living and the dead :

“For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of God: no man knows either love or hatred by all that is before them.

All things come alike to all: there is one event (death) to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrifices, and to him that sacrifices not: as is the good, so is the sinner; and he that swears, as he that fears an oath.

This is an evil among all things that are done under the sun, that there is one event to all: yes, also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, and after that they go to the dead.

For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion. For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.”

So obviously it is utterly futile to try to contact the dearly departed, since “the dead know not any thing” and “neither have they a portion in any thing that is done under the sun” i.e. “in the land of the living.”

This shows that Satan’s lie “You shall not surely die” has been carried on for thousands of years, in the form of seances, ghosts, poltergeists, Ouija boards, wizards, witches, mediums and so on. There are now hundreds of television programs which promote the idea that there is life after death, and the Protestant Church has also fallen into this deadly trap by suggesting that when Christians die they go to heaven. The Roman Church has gone even further, by placing Mary on the Throne beside her Son, and by elevating Saints to positions of power and influence over people’s lives.

The New Testament is completely consistent with the genesis teaching, although some Christians like to pull certain New Testament verses away from their context and make their own doctrines out of them. This is always possible, provided the foundations are forgotten. This is usually the way cults grow, and false teachings arise.

Returning to Genesis 2:7 – “And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” Let us go to 1 Corinthians 15:35 – 55 :

“But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do they come?

You fool, that which thou sow is not made alive, except it dies (first):

And that which thou sow, you sow not that body that shall be, but bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain:

But God gives it a body as it has pleased him, and to every seed his own body.

All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds.

There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another.

There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differs from another star in glory.

So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption:

It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power:

It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body.

And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.

Howbeit that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; and afterward that which is spiritual.

The first man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is the Lord from heaven.

As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy: and as is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.

And as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly.

Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption.

Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.

For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.

So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.

O death, where is your sting? O grave, where is your victory?”

From the above passage, we see that :

1. Some foolish person has suggested that God will raise us from the grave in the bodies we have now – frail, weak, ageing, disintegrating vessels, fit only for the rubbish.

2. The resurrection will be graded, with each Christian being raised in a new body.

3. The bodies we are given will relate in some way to the way we have lived as Christians. This is brought out by the comparison between different tars – some are brighter than others.

4. We have inherited the doomed earthly body of Adam, so, like Adam we must also die.

5. We will receive our new, immortal bodies “at the last trump” that is, when Jesus returns. Our immortal lives begin at the resurrection, and not before then.

6. When we receive our new bodies, then will death be defeated – and not before then. Logically, if when we die we go straight to heaven, we have not really died, so the prediction that death will be defeated at the return of Christ is nonsensical.

2 Corinthians 5:1 – 10 :

“For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.

For in this (body) we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven:

If so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked.

For we that are in this tabernacle (tent) do groan, being burdened: not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that mortality might be swallowed up of life.

Now he that hath wrought us for the selfsame thing is God, who also hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit.

Therefore we are always confident, knowing that, while we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord:

For we walk by faith, not by sight:

We are confident, I say, and willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord.

Wherefore we labour, that, whether present or absent, we may be accepted of him.

For we must all appear before the judgement seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.”

The above passage can be put into other words, without damaging the essential meaning :

“For we know that if our present body is destroyed, we have a new future body, made by God, waiting for us in heaven. This new body was not made out of soil, as Adam’s body was. For in the body we have now, we feel incomplete, while we look forward longingly for the new body to come. But when we lose this present body, we won’t be suddenly exposed. (There are no ‘transition’ bodies. We long for the new body right now – not that we actually want to die – but that we may receive our immortal body.

It is the Spirit of God who gives us this longing, and it is God who has prepared our new bodies for us. Therefore, we are confident that, even if we die, we will always end up with God (This solves the problem of getting to God in our present body – an impossibility. To solve this, God has prepared a new body, which can withstand being in His presence).

For we walk by faith, not by sight: (that is, we live our lives believing that one day we will receive our new bodies – even though we haven’t see them yet)

We are confident, I say, and willing rather to be absent from our present body, and to be present with the Lord. (Not instantly, but eventually, after we have died and ‘slept’ in the grave for a while)

So we work hard as Christians, and try to honour God in every way, because one day we must all stand before God’s Throne. Everything we do now adds up to a reward. There will be some good rewards, some not so good rewards. (These rewards include different kinds of body – some glorious, some not so glorious.)

Having see that Paul longed for his new body, and that this new body was ready for him at the time he stood before God, we go to 1 Thessalonians 4:13 – 17.

“But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep (the dead saints), that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.

For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep (have died) in Jesus will God bring with him. (That is bring up from the graves)

For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent (go ahead of) them which are asleep (dead).

For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:

Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord”.

From the above we see that :

1. All Christians will eventually die

2. Death rules until the day when Jesus returns

3. All the dead Christians will come back to life

4. Jesus will descend from heaven and the resurrected Christians will rise to meet Him.

5. Christians alive when Jesus returns will not go ahead of the Christians who are being raised.

Obviously, if the Christians are in their graves, and resurrected when Jesus comes, they cannot also be in heaven, coming with Jesus. Christians alive at the moment of the return of Christ will receive their new bodies instantly. There is equality here. No saints are treated partially – even Adam, Abraham, David, Solomon, and all the prophets, and all the great Christian leaders of the past 2000 years – will all be raised together.

The Passover was a type of the death and resurrection of Jesus. In its literal nature it predicted the reality of what Jesus literally went through, though on a deeper level. Exodus 12. The lamb was killed for the Passover, as were all the sacrifices listed in Leviticus. The Bible says that “the life is in the blood” – Lev. 17:14, 19:26, Deut.12: 16-23. In the same way Jesus poured out His blood, His life, for sinners. It would hardly do to find that the lamb was only injured, or hurt, for the Passover. The type shows the reality of the anti-type – Jesus literally died, and in this He trusted His Father to raise Him from the tomb. Because it happened this way for Jesus, why should Christians expect anything else to happen when they die?

Someone might object to this line of reasoning, and point out that at the Transfiguration, two of the Old Testament prophets were seen, apparently alive. If this was the case, surely it means that at least two men made it to heaven before the return of Christ? If this is so, then we have a direct contradiction of all that the Bible has said – an impossibility of course, since God cannot lie, neither does He contradict Himself.

Matthew 17:9 “And as they came down from the mountain, Jesus charged them, saying, Tell the vision to no man, until the Son of man be risen again from the dead”. In the account we see that the disciples were “heavy with sleep” when the “vision” ocurred. A vision is not the same as a reality. It is an illustration, or a picture, or a prophetic visual effect.

One interpretation of this “vision” is that Moses represented Old Testament believers who had died believing in God’s promises, and that Elias represented Old Testament believers who had been alive and believing – a type of Christians who will be alive and believing when Jesus returns. Elias, or Elijah, was the prophet who was parted from Elisha by a chariot, and taken up into the sky by a whirlwind. Apparently he died in mid-air – perhaps this was one way of destroying his body, which would have become a source of ‘holy relics’ if it had been buried? There are other interpretations, but the main thing is it was a “vision” and not proof of life after death.

Another objection is that of The Rich man and Lazarus, in Luke 16: 19-31. One thing which the Church of England maintains is that no parable should be used as a basis for doctrine. A quick glance at this parable will show why. IF we take this parable literally, some of the conclusions we would come to are :

1. Rich men go to hell because they are wicked,

2. Poor men go to heaven because they have a hard life,

3. People in hell can send messages to people in heaven,

4. God compensates people depending on whether they are rich or poor,

5. Angels carry dead people away when they die,

6. Abraham is a sort of god in heaven who can dispense blessings on request,

7. Abraham is really tough and shows no mercy to suppliants.

Taken as a parable, the story Jesus told is really an illustration of things pertaining to the Jewish nation and the people of the house of Israel. Taken as literally true the story destroys and contradicts several major doctrines, including the one which states that death claims us all and there we remain until the resurrection.

Another objection is based loosely on Paul’s reference to a mystical state which he calls “the third heaven”, in 2 Corinthians 12:2 – 5.

“I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago, (whether in the body, I cannot tell; or whether out of the body, I cannot tell: God knows;) such an one caught up to the third heaven. And I knew such a man, (whether in the body, or out of the body, I cannot tell: God knows;) How that he was caught up into paradise, and heard unspeakable words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter.

Of such an one will I glory: yet of myself I will not glory, but in mine infirmities”.

That there is a place called “the third heaven” is not in dispute, and that someone was taken there is also accepted, but the above passage is not a basis for saying that when we die we go to heaven.

What we have here is a very humble account, by Paul, of an experience he himself had. Paul does not want to brag, or make out that he is in any way better than other Christians. He speaks in a distant way – “I knew a man” – about himself, and describes his visions as so wonderful he could not tell whether he actually went somewhere or stayed where he was. Two other believers who had similar experiences were Ezekiel (8:3) and John (Rev.1:10).

Jonah illustrates the literal death and literal resurrection of Jesus. Jonah was swallowed by the sea creature, and literally perished, but God brought Jonah back to life three days later.

Jonah 1:17 – “Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.

Matthew 12:40 “For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth”.

Jonah actually describes his imminent death in 2:3-6, where his rapid words and thoughts are all in the past tense, which shows what he went through just before he died. Because Jonah really died, Jesus also really died, to fulfil Jonah’s experience. Logically, if we assume that Jonah didn’t really die, but lay comatose inside the sea creature, then we have to believe that Jesus also did not die, but went in some conscious spirit-form to some other place and waited for the three days to run their course. If this was so, then the ‘death’ Jesus died for sinners was a sham, and Christians cannot rely on a literal resurrection from a literal death. In other words, if Jonah and Jesus did not really die, then Satan’s lie must be true, and death has lost a great deal of its ‘sting’.

The “resurrection” , according to the Oxford Dictionary, is a word which means (1.) The rising of Christ from the grave, (2.) The coming to life of the dead at the last day.

What exactly happened when Christ rose from the dead is a matter of debate, as there are several views, but the main thing about the event is that, for at least two whole days or 48 plus hours, the Son of God was totally separated from the Father. (The ‘day’ for the Jews meant a portion of a day as well.) It was not a matter of His moving about in some ‘spirit’ form, conscious and mobile as a human except without a fleshly body. God did not say to Adam and Eve “In the day you eat of that fruit, your body will die. Death means death, not ‘half-death’ or ‘quarter-death’.

In Matthew 27:50 it says “Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.” In Luke 23:46 he “gave up the ghost”. Literally, this means that Jesus breathed his last, or breathed out his last breath of air. The word ‘ghost’ can also be translated “air” depending on the context. So Jesus literally gave his life – it was not the crucifixion which killed him, or the whipping, or the hunger, or the pain. At any moment Jesus could have reversed his situation and jumped from the cross, perfectly healed. It was his own deliberate choice to force the air from his lungs and then refuse to breath in again – the lamb of God, come to die for sinners, yielding his own life for you and me.

Logically, if dying on the cross meant nothing more than moving into some ‘spirit’ world, then Jesus did not, in a manner of speaking, ‘die far enough’, because that kind of death would not have been sufficient to redeem humans, who die completely and absolutely.

The resurrection was not a new idea. It is implied or promised, in different ways, through the Old testament. For example :

The first indication that God intended humans to live forever is in the unfinished sentence in Genesis :

“And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever . . .” Genesis 3:22. God could have added ” . . . if he lives for ever as a rebel, he will become an immortal monster.”

But God gave Mankind a possible way to earn immortality – by keeping the Law. If humans kept the whole Law perfectly, they would be able to stay alive for ever. Of course this was, and always is, impossible, because of the inherent imperfection of human nature, so the best the Law-keeper can hope for is forgiveness – provided they offer the right sacrifices.

You shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgements: which if a man do, he shall live in them:”. Leviticus 18:5

Righteous Job believed in the resurrection : “If a man die, shall he live again? all the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come”. Job 14:14

“The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever”. Psalm 22:26

The resurrection is clearly foretold in Psalm 72, which is all about the coming Messiah :

“And he shall live, and to him shall be given of the gold of Sheba: prayer also shall be made for him continually; and daily shall he be praised”. Psalm 72:15

The resurrection could be implied in David’s words : “I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the LORD”. Psalm 118:17

Ezekiel repeated the promise of law-keeping :

“Nevertheless if you warn the righteous man, that the righteous sin not, and he does not sin, he shall surely live, because he is warned; also you have delivered your soul”. Ezekiel 3:21

“And I gave them my statutes, and showed them my judgements, which if a man do, he shall even live in them”. Ezekiel 20:11

“And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?

He said unto him, What is written in the law? how do you read it?

And he answering said, You shall love the Lord thy God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbour as thyself.

And he said unto him, You have answered right: this do, and you shall live. Luke

10:25-28 In this case, the man who wanted to gain immortality through obedience to the Law was convicted of failure to love his neighbour. God offers “life” to anyone who can keep His Law, the reason being that when anyone tries, they fail, and realise their need for help.

See also Rom.10:5, Gal.3:12, Neh.9:29, Hab.2:4, Rom.1:17 and Heb.10:38.

The curious case of Enoch

There are some who say that one or two believers went to heaven in Old Testament times, such as Enoch, and Elijah (2Kings 2:9), and perhaps Moses and one or two others. In the case of Enoch at least the evidence seems very clear :

“And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him”. Genesis 5:24

This verse, it is assumed, means that Enoch was going about his daily business one day when all of a sudden he disappeared, and arrived in God’s presence in a twinkling. Enoch was a godly man, the Bible says, therefore he was a suitable subject for heaven.

“By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.” Hebrews 11:5

The word “translate” (Greek – ‘metatithemi’ ) = means “to transfer to another place”.

What do we know about Enoch? Several clear facts :

1. He walked with God – that is, he communed regularly with God. As Adam did.

2. He was the seventh from Adam (Jude14)

3. He prophesied by faith (Heb.11:5) therefore he was Divinely instructed (Rom.10:17)

4. He ‘walked with God” for 300 years before God took him.

5. Like Elijah, Enoch also went to heaven without having to go through a resurrection (2Kings 2:1,11)

These two men are the only clear examples of humans entering heaven without having to die first, and as such they stand in stark contrast to the majority of believers who have had to go the other way. Exceptions, we know, prove the rule. Just as Jesus overcame death, when millions of others failed, so God saw fit to demonstrate His power in the lives of these two sinners.

There is a huge difference between translation and resurrection.

- Translation means taking a living human and conveying them directly to heaven, presumably replacing their mortal body with an immortal one during the process.

- Resurrection means raising a dead human and restoring them, complete with a new body. – Translation occurs before the 2nd Advent, resurrection occurs at the time of the 2nd Advent.

- Translation is for the godly only, resurrection is for all who have died, godly and ungodly.

If there were any other saints in heaven we might expect the Bible to tell us, but it does not. In fact, it says the opposite. For example king David is definitely not in heaven :

“For David is not ascended into the heavens:” Acts 2:34

And Jesus is called the “firstfruits of them that slept” :

“But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.

For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.

But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming. 1 Corinthians 15:20-23. (See context also)

Notice the sequence. Christ is the firstfruits, then afterward, that is at his 2nd Advent, the believers. Everything in the right order. Jesus himself stated much the same thing, in John 5:21-29, 11:23-26. Also Heb.9:27. As I read it, there is but one general resurrection, in which all believers and unbelievers will be raised back to life, and join the people living at the time. From this vast crowd God will draw out the worthy saints and catch them up to his aerial position, then judgements will begin on those who are left.

One other objection is the vision which king Saul supposedly had of Samuel. 1Sam.28:7-19. In this account, Saul sought out a medium, to “divine” for him (v.8) by “a familiar spirit”. This was necromancy, a practise soundly condemned by God. It was and still is, based on the idea that the living can contact the dead, but as we have already seen, there is no communication between the living and the dead. Obviously necromancy and other similar practises, are either a fraud, or demonic, since it is very helpful to Satan if he can seemingly contradict God’s word. God said that sinners must die, but if ‘dying’ means moving into a ‘spirit world’ where life continues, then Satan has seemingly proven God wrong.

In the necromancer’s house the woman fearfully summoned Samuel, and said that she saw “an old man . . . and he is covered with a mantel”. Saul decided that this must be Samuel and the demonic impostor delivered a message which was already fairly obvious.

There are many discrepancies in this account. The first one is the fact that Saul did not see the vision, but assumed the “old man” must be Samuel. Also, the “old man” was wearing a mantel – what happened to the grave clothes? And if Samuel was still an “old man” what does this say about the blessings of heaven?

Another discrepancy is the fact that in 1Sam.28:6 we are told that “when Saul enquired of the Lord, the Lord answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.”

Saul disobeyed God by consulting a spiritist, an action forbidden by the Law. It is hardly likely that God would allow Samuel to come to the bidding of a wicked man in a seance!

Saul perceived only what he wanted to, and went entirely on what the woman told him. The evil spirit impersonated Samuel, just as they still do today, and all it said was what was already well known – see 2Chron.18:19-22.

(There is also a subtle side-issue objection, which hinges on semantics, so, for the record here is how it works. On the one hand we read that Saul “enquired of the Lord, and the Lord answered him not”, yet, on the other hand 1 Chron.10:13,14 says “He asked counsel of one that had a familiar spirit . . . and enquired not of the Lord”. This looks like a contradiction, but it is not.

In the first text the word for “enquire” is shaal = to ask or consult. In the second text the word for “enquire” is darash = to seek with the whole heart. (As in Psalm 77:2 and 119:10) Saul plainly consulted the Lord, in the same way that he consulted the witch of Endor, but Saul did not seek with his whole heart in submission and humility.)

Additional notes :

A prophetic picture of creation is seen in Ezekiel 37. First the bones are clothed with flesh, then the bodies stand up, but they are still dead until the breath is put into them. Life comes from the breath of God (v.9). Dead souls become living souls when oxygen enters their blood stream.

God is called the “God of the spirits of all flesh” – Num.16:22, 27:16 and also Luke 23:46, Acts 7:59. And the “Father of spirits” in Heb.12:9. The ‘spirits’ means ‘the breaths’.

Ecclesiastes 12:7 The breath of God is taken back from the soul (nephesh) resulting in the death of the soul. “Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it”.

Games and the Christian

How do Christians approach game design? The answer is more interesting and more soul-searching than one might think.

Games and the Christian

From birth to death most ‘Western’ people are brought up in a world which practises competition. By Western we mean European, American, and British Commonwealth. This ‘cultural norm’ is backed up in the Western world by the dogma of Evolution, which holds the basic tenet that in order for any organism to survive, the strongest and  ”fittest” would be the logical winners. (We will not depart at this point to discuss the many plants and animals which contradict this teaching of Darwin’s.) In other parts of the world this tenet is supported by the fact that, in human affairs, the strongest, and best fighters have usually prevailed over the weaker. Economically, the strongest economy wins over the weaker too, and the aim of many people is to work their way to the ‘top of the ladder’, where managerial success is seen as the greatest position to be in life.

But the whole idea of competition, as an accepted, and therefore correct philosophy of life, ought to be questioned by Christians, because there is no support for competitiveness in the New Testament, and, arguably, in the Old. Instead, the teaching is always one of co-operation, helpfulness, condescension and sympathy.

In the Law of God, Israelites were urged to consider orphans and widows (“You shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child” Exodus 22:22) The reason being that “For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regards not persons, nor takes reward” Deuteronomy 10:17 – God has no special regard for people of higher or lower rank in life, nor does he take bribes.

All through the Old and New Testament God requires that people show regard for those less able or fortunate. Tithes were reserved for the poor, and farmers were instructed to leave food in their fields for others to gather. It was to the weak, the poor and the helpless that Jesus came.

So we search in vain for Biblical endorsement for competitive sports, competitive business, and competitive behaviour in any other realm of human behaviour.

Before we go further with this, let us look briefly at what can happen when a person is stronger, richer, faster, cleverer, or better than other people. The usual reaction is a sense of self-worth and also of pride. Pride can lead to arrogance and boasting. Pride can also lead to megalomania, tyranny and brutality – as we have seen through history whenever a military leader starts to think he is invincible.

Socially pride is a destroyer. The pride of life can turn materialism into a god, and the pampering of the flesh into a fetish. As C.S.Lewis pointed out “Pride comes from hell” and pride is one of the major sins against which God speaks many times in anger. “Look on every one that is proud, and bring him low; and tread down the wicked in their place”. Job 40:12

It is a common thing to see children behaving proudly. “I’m better than you at . . .” Or “You’re so dumb!” Jeremiah 9:23

“Thus says the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches:

But let him that glories glory in this, that he understands and knows me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgement, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight”. Jeremiah 9:24

It is obvious from this open statement that God is not competitive – not that He would need to be(!) – but He reveals His heart to us here, like a man pulling his shirt apart to show us what he is like underneath. He is, by Nature the all-wise, the all-glorious and the all wealthy. He loves those things which are most like Himself – love in action, kindness, caring, justice, fairness, equality without bias, doing what is right, obedience . . . These are the things He delights in, so what place does Man have to contradict God and elevate the very things which God despises?

But one might object : in order to do well at something, mustn’t one be competitive? As I see it, no. The moment we compare ourselves, or possessions or our performance with someone else we are stepping away from God, competitiveness is always wrong – despite its sometimes grey colour.

For example, we all agree that the Nazi Party was wicked and cruel, and its behaviour based on the theory that Germans were a “Master Race” (The Japanese thought they were children of the Sun) led to the worst crimes against humanity. We could call this type of competitiveness ‘black pride’.

But what colour is the pride when old Mrs X down the road wins the needlepoint sewing contest? Or Mr Y gains the medal for growing the largest pumpkin? Or little Z runs faster than all the primary school kids in his class at the Sports? At which point does the grey become too dark to qualify as innocuous?

The alternative is not, as one might think, a dull and boring life without drama or excitement. The notion that the world could not operate without competition is quite wrong. It (the notion, or reaction) comes from the mindset that “we have always done things this way, so can’t we just leave things as they are?” But Jesus always worked that way. He constantly challenged people and presented the opposite as the best, while the familiar he tossed in the rubbish bin.

Jesus elevated the very qualities which ‘the world’ treads on. Blessed, He said, are the poor in spirit, the sorrowful, the meek, the unrighteous, merciful,pure, peaceful . . . all the things we are brought up to devalue. Instead, we in the West are encouraged, culturally, to be quite the opposite. Picture the self-made man (or woman), surrounded by material blessings, talking on the cell phone in a top of the line restaurant, wearing label clothing, demanding the best, swearing about some person he or she resents, snobbish, proud . . . we meet them all the time. We see it starting when they are children, already aiming at the best job, the money, the things of this world. Ambition. Desire to reach the top. Grasping ahead at the things they want, the things they can have. Blessed are the poor in spirit? The meek? No way!

But strangely enough (or perhaps not, considering the fact that God made humans and put a little of Himself into them) we find the very themes which Jesus elevated, which God values, cropping up time after time in movies. How often have we seen the hero, beaten and on the run, suddenly able to win by destroying the villain, yet offering mercy to the villain, even at the point where mercy could spell his own doom? What makes this a ‘great’ moment is the Christ likeness of the hero’s actions. Instinctively we see something great in mercy, yet we are also culturally conditioned to ignore it when it comes to the real world.

The New Testament teaches:

“For Moses said, Honour your father and your mother; and, Whoso curses father or mother, let him die the death” Mark 7:10

“Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another” Romans 12:10

“And those members of the body, which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant honour; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness”. 1 Corinthians 12:23

“I have showed you all things, how that so labouring you ought to support the weak, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said, It is more blessed to give than to receive”. Acts 20:35

“For we are glad, when we are weak, and you are strong: and this also we wish, even your perfection”. 2 Corinthians 13:9

But what can we make of the two references in the New testament which seem to imply that Christianity itself is competitive. The context shows that this is not the case at all. In the first reference – “Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life, whereunto you are also called, and have professed a good profession before many witnesses.” 1 Timothy 6:12 – Paul is urging Timothy to make his Christian life an entirely personal thing, between him and God. It would be peculiar if Christians were to compete in such things as kindness and love. “I’m kinder than you! So what? I have more love!” And how do you compete in charity, forgiveness, tenderheartedness and humility?

The second reference is ” . . . they which run in a race run all, but one receives the prize? So run, that ye may obtain”. 1 Corinthians 9:24. But the context is the same as that for Timothy. Paul has just finished explaining how he is weak to those who are weak. Are Christians then to compete in condescension? That would be a total absurdity. “I identify with the poor better than you! Oh yeah? I show more sympathy!”

So we have a dilemma when we come to the subject of designing a game. If we follow the worldly pattern, our game will be competitive, and probably quite exciting! Yet that does not fit with Christian philosophy. If, on the other hand, we follow the Christian way, we must design a game which incorporates the “Blesseds”, and that means we cannot have a competitive game.

Luck

What is luck?

The dictionary says luck is “anything which happens by chance”, as in “what bad luck to break a leg”. So luck is an unexpected event, in which case almost anything could be defined as luck, except those things we planned and caused to happen. We could not say our switching on of an electric jug was luck, but if a drop of water came from the boiling jug and struck our nose we might call that luck.

A second meaning of luck is, “an advantage or success due to chance.”  We use this second meaning in phrases such as “We wish you the best of luck,” or “What a stroke of luck.” SO if something happens which we see as an event to our advantage, we consider it to be good luck. It may simply be the result of certain clearly defined and predictable causes, but if we do not see those causes, we interpret what happens in a positive way.

An illustration of this might be a tidal wave. We are out surfing and we have not had many good waves, until suddenly, our ‘luck’ changes and a large wave rolls in. What we don’t know is that thousands of miles away an earthquake triggered this wave many hours before we arrived at the beach.

But when something happens to us, and we interpret it as good luck, surely someone else might interpret the same event as bad luck? The tidal wave may be good luck for us, but a disaster for someone else.

Another word sometimes used to describe luck is ‘chance’. The words “luck” and “chance” are so close they can be interchangeable in some cases, We can have a chance event, which can be interpreted by us either as a lucky event (positive) or an unlucky event (negative). The idea of “chance” suggests that events occur without our knowledge or control. The same idea is inherent in both words.

This idea, that life is peppered with unforeseen, and uncontrolled events, has led many people to imagine that there are forces, or even intelligent beings, who interfere in our lives, causing things to happen to us. Fates, or gods, goddesses, demons, spirits and so on – have become, for many people, parts of the unseen world behind luck. This is their way of explaining the unexpected events, the ‘interventions’ which can turn a good day into a bad, or a bad day into a good. Omens like the appearance of a black cat, or crows, or shoes on the table, can affect a person’s view of life, even though the cat, the crows and the shoes have no ability whatsoever of doing anything but being what they are.

I wrote this edited letter to the newspaper about luck:

“Dear sir, a few days ago a headline in this newspaper referred to a “lucky couple”, which made me wonder just what “luck” is. As I understand it one person’s “luck” may be another person’s “bad luck”, so the concept of anything being lucky is as objective as a wisp of steam.

Take lucky charms for example. Logically, if a charm is cut into four pieces, each piece is not one quarter as lucky. Nor do we gain luck by adding charms, or multiplying them. All superstitions are based on the misconception that some external, usually inanimate object has some sort of power over us. A lucky charm is like that. It may be a picture or a rabbit’s foot, but it is given the ‘aura’ of having the power to decide what happens to that person, or home, or life.

If a person falls and breaks an arm while attempting to cross a road, they may consider the fall as unlucky, until they see a huge truck sweep by, which would have killed them had they not fallen. Suddenly the bad luck of the broken arm becomes good luck.

Or two farmers, one wanting rain and the other sunshine. If rain comes, or if sun comes, the same weather becomes both good and bad luck simultaneously. Both farmers see the same weather differently, and neither is correct because it is just rain, or just sun. The weather is neutral. The interpretations are irrelevant.

There is, when you get to the core of the matter, really no such thing as luck. It is the result of a predisposition, or attitude that we hold, through which we interpret events around us. Even a first prize win in Lotto can go from what might be called good luck to very bad luck, if the money drives the winner to anxiety, debt, obesity, fear or greed.

I’m sure the headline I referred to had no intention of making a philosophical statement, but it is usually a good idea to consider what we mean by the words we use. When it comes to the word “luck” we are in fact talking nonsense.”

A counter argument to this line of thought might be “But if you see life as a series of events which work to your advantage, what harm is there in calling those events “good luck”?

There is no harm, at face value, because by “luck” we actually mean “a series of events which has worked to our advantage,” so we are using the word as a short way of saying how well things have turned out for us. “By good luck a fresh brease from the south blew us toward land…” But if we think life itself, that is, the flow of events around us actually conspire in some way to provide an advantage to us, we have stepped into fantasyland. Life is a series of events, all of which are consequences of prior events, but they are consequences, not gods.

Superstition is based on a belief that outside of the natural world, where science can observe only the ‘laws of nature’ operating, there is an unseen world, inhabited by inanimate objects which actually possess intelligence. If we take this view of an unseen, intelligent world doing things to us to cause us either happiness or sorrow, we come to several absurd conclusions.

Take the inanimate object. The brick we drop conspired to land on our foot. The toothache came along deliberately to spoil our day in town; the sand fly bit our nose during the night on purpose, to spoil our good looks.

Well of course, when you think about it, none of these examples can be proved scientifically because they are not testable, and none could be argued logically, because we know bricks cannot direct their flight or hold grudges, or aim themselves at feet, and teeth know nothing about shopping, so they wouldn’t turn on the pain just to spoil someone’s day in town, and sand flies have no understanding of whether people are handsome or ugly, so they wouldn’t bite a face for any reason other than basic instinct.

But people constantly fall into the trap of interpreting events in terms of personal attack or personal blessing. They personalize the inanimate, material world. They become emotionally responsive to objects that have no will or desire, or interest in them.

“We were going camping but the rain came along and spoiled our day!” What does the rain know about camping, and why would it care anyway? Why would rain want to ‘spoil’ anything?
”I was the last in line, but I got the job because the boss liked my shirt!” Did the shirt deliberately jump on to your body because it knew the boss would see it?

“If we hadn’t moved to such and such a town, she never would have met X and you would never have been born!” So what do have here? A town conspiring with another property to organize a birth?

Of course the three examples above might not ever have such connotations, but there are people who would interpret rain, and shirts and towns with some personal interest in them. It may be only on the subconscious level, but its there.

And why do people get mad with a machine that won’t start. It is just a machine. It has no feelings. The reason it doesn’t start is because the spark plug is dirty, or the petrol is not flowing, or the ignition is low on power. Why do people in old cars say “come on old girl!” and talk to their car as if it is a woman? It makes sense when little children talk to their dolls, but adults should know better.

People say “This is my lucky day!” and we agree with them, because they are happy, and something good has happened to them, and we share in their blessing, but can a day really be lucky? The interpretation of the type of day it is, is based entirely on feelings. What if next door the old man’s cat just died. How would he feel if the happy person rang him and told him it was a “lucky day?” I think it would be unlikely that the old man would agree with the “lucky day” person. The same day can be lucky and unlucky, depending on which side of the fence you live.

What does the Bible have to say about “luck”?

Leviticus 16 says:

“And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat.

And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD’S lot fell, and offer him for a sin offering. But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness.”

Two goats, two lots. One goat dies, the other is set free. The point the Bible makes here has nothing to do with luck. The passage is about a selection process, to decide which goat did what. We also don’t know if God directed the falling of the lots, in which case no “luck” occurred. It would have all been deliberate and controlled? We might also say that the goat that went to the wilderness was the lucky one because it didn’t die, but perhaps it starved to death out there in the wilderness, or was eaten by a lion?

Ecclesiastes 9 says:

“I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happens to them all.

For man also knows not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falls suddenly upon them.”

This passage speaks about the randomness of life. None of us have any guarantee that what we plan will actually happen. Sometimes slow runners win races, and weak fighters win battles, poor, uneducated people sometimes come into great wealth and luxury, and people die suddenly, in accidents or for other reasons. We just never know ‘when our number is up.” Chance and time happen to everyone.

But this passage does not support any notion of luck being a force behind the scenes, like an intelligent, knowing force. The passage is a reality check. It is about real life, with its ups and downs, its fickleness, its odd reversals. And at the end Solomon notes that death takes us all anyway, and quite often it takes us when we least expect it. (Cancer, a stroke, Alzheimer’s, sporting accident, etc, etc) The whole thrust of his argument, in the wider context, is that we should try to make the most of each day we live, because life is fickle, and we cannot guarantee that our plans will come to fruition. God knows the future, but we don’t. We may live to a hundred, or we may die tomorrow.

The essence of whether something is “lucky” or “unlucky” is our attitude. Interpretation is an error because as soon as we begin to interpret events in terms of for us or against us, we are ascribing intelligence to inanimate objects. A meteorite is not intelligent enough to strike a man down while he sits in his house, and a stray bullet has no knowledge of where it is flying. The wind may blow a $50 bill into our path, but the wind doesn’t know what money is, and a gold-miner may strike it rich, but he has only dug in a place where there happens to be something he wants to find. (Humans put a value on the mineral they call gold, by the way. Apart from their valuation of it, gold is no more or less valuable than quartz or coal.)

So attitude is the deciding factor, and if we want to avoid a form of idolatry, that is ascribing personal attributes to inanimate things, we ought to avoid anthropomorphizing God’s creation.

Try to step back a little from life. Try to see the world as a created thing, flying through a universe that was created for it. Try to see the whole earth as a machine, with all the parts working together to supply the essentials for life. The water cycle, the oceans and their currents, the composition of the seas and land and atmosphere, the web of life, the physics behind all chemical bonds, the atomic structures, all suited to form important minerals, elements and chemicals. All the parts, animate and inanimate, from the cold, vast universe to unbelievably small atom, they are all designed to work together, all balanced against each other to support life. But the machine of the universe is just that – a machine. It operates as God designed it to. It is impersonal, unfeeling, unseeing, unhearing, unresponsive. It is unaware of us. To think that stars, or birds, or entrails could ‘know’ anything about us, is idolatry.

Originally humans were integrated into this whole system, this universe machine, like kings in a domain where everything (under the Machine-maker God) was their servant. All life and all non-life operated efficiently to provide the maximum ingredients to make humans healthy, until the day the humans sinned, and then everything began to disintegrate, including the humans. The machine began to wind down, to fall apart, to decay.

Now the humans are less intelligent, and their understanding of creation as a vast, whole machine has dimmed. As generations have passed ignorance has grown. Soon after they were created, the fallen humans began to worship the stars, or the moon, or something else made by God. Animism sprang up, which teaches that even rocks and stones have a spirits in them. Superstition was alive and kicking long before Noah and his ark. The concept of external forces controlling people’s lives became very prevalent, even to the extent that human sacrifice was made to various inanimate objects – as if some carved piece of wood could do anything!.

As it was then, so it is today, only it is more likely that animals will be killed, or substances will be symbolically killed, in the place of human sacrifice.

But there is another line of thought that needs to be followed, and that is the role of Biblical Christianity. What does Christianity have to say about “luck”.

The best way to spot an authentic bank note is to look at the forged bank note and compare them with the true Bank note. In this world there are many fake or forged spiritual teachings. They always consist of a mixture of truth and error. The truth part attracts the gullible, and the error part increases the darkness in their soul. But if we start with the authentic, we can easily spot the forgery. If we know the truth, the lies are easy to see.

This is why we should always go to the Bible when we want to understand truth. It is an error-free book. Whenever it refers to anything, it is always correct. On whatever subject it speaks, it is always accurate. Names, places, distances, events, kings, queens, dates, times, whatever the detail, it has never been found to be wrong. It is like the Bank of England, where every bank note comes with a personal signature.

CONCLUSION

We would like to finish this essay with a rather large chunk of the Bible, which is taken from Romans chapter eight. The reason we chose such a large chunk is because the context is important. Too many people quote Romans 8:28 and stop there. The context shows that the reason “all things” work together for good, is because these “things” are part of God’s way of shaping and building a Christian into a better likeness of Jesus.

The “things” that happen to Christians could be interpreted as ‘bad luck’ by some, or ‘good luck’ by others, but they are neither. It is the God behind them that makes them “for good”, and oddly enough, they are “for good” even if we don’t see them that way.

Just as a parent may seem to spoil a child’s fun, for example by pulling them inside on a bright sunny day to prevent sunburn, God intervenes in our lives in ways which sometimes seem odd, or unpleasant, but His plan is bigger and better than ours. There is no such thing as “luck” but there is “the love and care of God.”

Romans 8:28. “And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose.

For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.”

This means, once we decide to follow Jesus, and obey Him, the events in our lives suddenly become tuned always to be a blessing to us. No matter what happens, as long as we are walking obediently behind Jesus, every event that comes our way must be seen as a good event. Sickness, injury, poverty, dismissal, even failure, everything that happens is part of God’s GOOD plan, even though we may not see it that way.

Many examples could be drawn from the Bible to support this. Joseph was sold as a slave to Egypt, but he saw this as God’s for-planning to bless his brothers, the death of Jesus on the cross seemed like a tragedy, but it was all part of eternal blessing for the world… the Bible is full of examples along these lines.

“Moreover whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom he called, them he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also glorified.

“What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us?”

By this we understand that all events in our lives are good events, because God is for us. We may go through dark valleys, and sorrow and hardship, but if we are obedient to Jesus and trusting Him, we can be assured that God is for us – He is our advocate, or friend, or helper, or Father. No good human father would deliberately cause difficulty to his child unless he saw that the end of that difficulty was a blessing. God is the same. His predestination, or great plan, for us, is to bless us, and include us in His family. For some Christians, the road to that place is very tough, but when they get there they will understand, looking back, that it was the best road.

“He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?

Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God’s elect? It is God that justifies.

34. Who is he that condemns? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us.”

This part deals with the critics, who leap in as soon as Christians make a mistake. The media loves parading failed Christians. Skeptics love finding imperfections. The enemies of Jesus love to pounce on Christians and tear into them, pointing at faults and mistakes.

Christians ought to humbly acknowledge these failures, but after that they have nothing else to do. “If God says I’m OK, that‘s good enough for me!”

The unattractive Christian knows God loves her/him regardless. The handicapped Christian knows God is pleased with whatever efforts he/she makes to live the life. Peter got out of the boat to walk to Jesus but he sank into the water until Jesus lifted him up.

When we fail, all we need to do is remember Jesus on the cross. All our failures are covered. God is pleased with us. If God accepts us, why should be we concerned about what a few perishing, sinful unbelievers say? Might as well listen to the wind in the trees for all the importance they have. As Psalm 1 says, the wicked are like the chaff which the wind drives away. (See also Psalm 37)

“Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?

As it is written, For thy sake we are killed all the day long; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.”

All these things could be considered “bad luck” but the context shows that they are the expected consequences of being a true Christian. “All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution” – that’s a promise, (2Tim.3:12) Jesus also warned Christians about the probable outcome of following Him – Mat.5and 6.

“Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him that loved us.

For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come,

Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.”

There is no such thing as luck – only God and His thoughtful, intelligent, purposeful will. People who think that “luck” is important to them, and who always wish for “good luck” have missed the boat. They have short-changed themselves, and accepted subjective interpretation, rather than a personal relationship with the God who made them. They have ascribed to the ‘machine’ attributes which it doesn’t have, while all along the great God, the maker of that machine, waits in the wings and calls to them.

Jehovah’s Witnesses

When a cult comes knocking, many Christians duck for cover! What a shame. Of all people, it should be the Christians who know best the Book which their Heavenly Father has put into their hands! Why should a cult-member be more familiar with the words of God than a child of God?

This little article has been written to help you, the Christian, to know enough about certain doctrines, and about Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW) to not only meet them with confidence, but to also show them where they are wrong in their beliefs.

But first let me say that it is probably impossible to know everything about JW thinking. They have so many interpretations, often contradictory, with so many subtle and vague additions, that sometimes even the simplest and most straightforward verses can be twisted around to mean almost anything they want.

So do you give up before you start? No! Over the years, many JWs have been shown the errors in their beliefs and have been converted – for example William Schnell, who was totally entangled in the JW movement for 30 years, but finally came free.

The main reason why (some) JWs confuse Christians is because (some) JWs really train themselves. Comparatively few Christians train themselves. How many Christians do you know of who spend hours learning Scriptures? How well do you understand your own Bible? Could you show me, going from verse to verse, why you are a Christian? Could you show me, from Scripture, who Jesus is, who God is, why Jesus came to earth, where he is now, and so on? Could you open a Bible right now and point at the Scriptures which teach about sin, salvation, judgment, baptism and the blood of atonement?

JWs put many Christians to shame by their zeal too. Motivated by a certain amount of fear, and a desire to gain a footing in heaven through their dedicated, hard work, JWs set their sights on the goals held up by the JW teaching, and endlessly, determinedly visit their neighbours. How often do Christians visit their neighbours? How often do Christians go out of their way to witness for Christ?

Jesus wants Christians to be trained, efficient, confident workers – not hesitant amateurs. 1 Pet. 3:15. There are some things very good and worth noting in the ranks of the JW – zeal for one.

But be encouraged. This essay will give you answers to the JWs. Solid Bible answers. If you learn the right verses, you will be able to meet the JWs at your door, and answer them in clear terms. They may not want to come back, but then again, they might be open to instruction!

Most people who belong to a cult think they are right, and everyone else is wrong. They are in and everyone else is out. If you are not with them, you are an outsider. If you say you are a Christian, they may regard you as blind, duped, or part of an evil system. You must try to show the cult-member that you understand what being a Christian means, and be as loving as possible, and behave in a good-mannered and reasonable way.

JWs interpret the Bible with the help of Watchtower literature. They use the Bible, but they have to be told by other people what it means. They have great difficulty actually reading it for themselves.

Which means they end up believing what they are told to believe.

Some of their main wrong beliefs are:

1.There is no Trinity

2. Jesus is a created being

3. Jesus was resurrected as a spirit without a real body

4. The Holy Spirit is not personal, and not God

5. Salvation is helped by works and not by Grace alone

1. There is no Trinity.

JWs don’t understand the Trinity, that is, they mis-define it. Because they mis-define it, they ask Christians silly questions, such as: If Jesus is God, how could he pray to God? Did he send himself to earth from heaven? How could he say God sent him? Was Jesus praying to himself? Did he answer his own prayers?

But when we properly define the Trinity, things become clearer. The Bible teaches that  within the nature of the one true God (Jehovah, the Father) -

Is.42:8, 43:10, 44:6,8, 45:21, ICor. 8:4 – 6, Neh. 9:6, 1 Tim. 2:4 are three divine

Persons.

The first Person is the Father, the second is the Son and the third is the Spirit. Jesus the second Person is able to pray to the first Person. Each Person of the Trinity (or Triune God) is fully God, and all three Persons partake of the same nature of God. This is a great mystery, but it is stated in Scripture, so that, even if we don’t understand it fully, we are still expected to believe it. (Do you understand how a TV works? Do you believe it works, even though you don’t understand how it works you can still believe it works)

JWs have a problem with God. They reduce Him to dimensions which fit their own reasoning, rather than face the full account of God as expressed in the Bible, which is not so convenient to their way of thinking.

Now become familiar with what the Bible says about the fact that there are three Persons in the one God: Mat. 28:19, Luke 3:21, 22. The Father: 2Pet. 1:17. The Son: John 1:1 (called the Word, or Logos), 8:24, 58, Col. 1:13 – 17, Titus 2:13. The Spirit:Acts 13:2, 10:19,20, Heb. 3:7 – 11, Ps. 95: 6-11, Acts 5: 3,4, Heb. 9:14.

If you look all these verses up, and think about them, you will be able to show a JW most of the facts about God’s true nature.

2. Jesus is a Created being. JWs don’t accept the deity of Jesus. They say he was created. They misquote John 1:1. If they do use John 1:1 to “prove” their case, here is an effective way of showing them their error:

Tell them this is what they are saying: There is the one true God, Jehovah, and there is the Word, or Jesus. One big God and one small God. As John 1 says, the Word, or Jesus “was in the beginning with God” and he “made all things” and “in him was life”, and this Word was “made flesh” and “we beheld his glory” and v. 18 says Jesus “has declared” or revealed God, to us.

Now how can God, Jehovah, possibly tolerate this Jesus, who takes so much glory from him? Have a look at Is. 43:10, 11, and 44:8, John 17:3 and Deut. 32:39. There is a contradiction here.

As John 1 says, Jesus is the creator of all things. Logically, he cannot be the creator of himself. (Is. 44:24). God created all things. Either Jesus is an intolerable rival to Jehovah, or he is an equal.

JWs like to quote Col. 1:15 and Rev. 3:14 to show that Jesus was created. In fact these verses show the opposite. In Col. 1:15 “firstborn” is Greek (protokos) and means “the preeminent one, the one with the right to rule”.

The other reference, in Revelation has Jesus calling himself “the Amen”, but this is a title which Jehovah uses for himself. Again, Jesus calls himself “the true and faithful witness” which is another title used of Jehovah for himself – Jer. 42:5.

Another verse JWs use is a statement by Jesus that he is “the beginning of the creation of God”. Here, say the JWs, is proof that Jesus was created, but the Greek for “beginning” is ‘arche’ which means “the source, or origin, or ruling one” It does not mean that Jesus was created at all.

Another problem JWs have is in understanding headship, or rank. For example, a husband and wife and two sons may all be equals when it comes to sharing a meal, or sunbathing, but if they all happen to join the army, they may be set up in different positions of rank. Rank does not alter a basic equality. 1 Cor. 11 and Philippians 2:1 -11 describe the positions of rank in which various names are listed. Jesus subjected himself to the Father (Jehovah) and shared human nature. Why? So he could die for sinners. This humbling of himself did not in any way alter his equality with the father in the wider, larger sense. As a Man, Jesus could pray to his Father. As the Son, he could expect to be received back into the glory he left behind when he took on the flesh.

2. Jesus is a Created being.  JWs don’t accept the deity of Jesus. They say he was created. They misquote John 1:1. If they do use John 1:1 to “prove” their case, here is an effective way of showing them their error:

Tell them this is what they are saying: There is the one true God, Jehovah, and there is the Word, or Jesus. One big God and one small God. As John 1 says, the Word, or Jesus “was in the beginning with God” and he “made all things” and “in him was life”, and this Word was “made flesh” and “we beheld his glory” and v. 18 says Jesus “has declared” or revealed God, to us.

Now how can God, Jehovah, possibly tolerate this Jesus, who takes so much glory from him? Have a look at Is. 43:10, 11, and 44:8, John 17:3 and Deut. 32:39. There is a contradiction here.

As John 1 says, Jesus is the creator of all things. Logically, he cannot be the creator of himself. (Is. 44:24). God created all things. Either Jesus is an intolerable rival to Jehovah, or he is an equal.

JWs like to quote Col. 1:15 and Rev. 3:14 to show that Jesus was created. In fact these verses show the opposite. In Col. 1:15 “firstborn” is Greek (protokos) and means “the preeminent one, the one with the right to rule”.

The other reference, in Revelation has Jesus calling himself “the Amen”, but this is a title which Jehovah uses for himself. Again, Jesus calls himself “the true and faithful witness” which is another title used of Jehovah for himself – Jer. 42:5.

Another verse JWs use is a statement by Jesus that he is “the beginning of the creation of God”. Here, say the JWs, is proof that Jesus was created, but the Greek for “beginning” is ‘arche’ which means “the source, or origin, or ruling one” It does not mean that Jesus was created at all.

Another problem JWs have is in understanding headship, or rank. For example, a husband and wife and two sons may all be equals when it comes to sharing a meal, or sunbathing, but if they all happen to join the army, they may be set up in different positions of rank. Rank does not alter a basic equality. 1 Cor. 11 and Philippians 2:1 -11 describe the positions of rank in which various names are listed. Jesus subjected himself to the Father (Jehovah) and shared human nature. Why? So he could die for sinners. This humbling of himself did not in any way alter his equality with the father in the wider, larger sense. As a Man, Jesus could pray to his Father. As the Son, he could expect to be received back into the glory he left behind when he took on the flesh.

Useful hints as you speak to JWs:

1. Be honest. Tell them you are a Christian. If you really are a Christian, you will be able to say this with confidence. Born again Christians have an experience from which they can testify, rather than an argument from which they can make assertions. The Holy Spirit works in and through Christians to help them when they represent Jesus to other people – John 14:17.

2. Do not pay for their literature. Reason? Because you do not believe in supporting an organization which is misleading its members. (Would you support an organization which taught that the Greek gods should be worshipped, or that promoted abortion?) Any free literature they want to give away can be taken, because that is one less for someone else to read. Also, if you take something they give, they might take something yougive, such as a gospel tract.

Now that you have plenty of good answers, from the Bible, you can share salvation with any JWs who come to your door, without fear of being caught off balance. Of course, if you want to do an in-depth study of JWs there are quite a few books available, but the main thing, when countering a cult, is to know the truth, rather than all the error. It is better to know what God says than to know what everyone else thinks.

In a nutshell, if you know the Bible thoroughly, you can handle any cult, false teaching, or “twisted unlisted’. The main thing is that you spend time getting really familiar with the key Bible passages, which means you have to do some work. The good news is the more you put in, the more you get out. Lazy Christians are easy prey for cults.

Also, you will come to understand your own faith. A huge proportion of Christians believe what they do simply because someone told them. They never checked it up in the Bible. The minister, or Pastor, or some Christian friend, or someone at a camp . . . can you really trust their word? Make sure – find it in the Bible for yourself, and get it straight from God!

When speaking to a JW, always maintain a loving, thoughtful attitude. Don’t argue in an unloving way. It is possible to disagree with a smile. Who knows, but maybe your gracious manner will speak louder than your words?

Think of the visit of the JWs as an opportunity to witness. Many Christians find it difficult to go out and witness to someone. The JWs arrive at your door, eager to talk about the Bible. Even if you make a complete mess of it, you have lost nothing. Think of it as good practice. You may find yourself running back to the Bible, after they have gone, and searching the Scriptures for answers. That’s got to be a plus. (Does your pastor or whatever get you doing this?!)

Watch out for this: when you quote or read a verse to a JW, you may assume that they understand it the same way you do. Usually they don’t. You may have to go through what you say slowly, making sure the same definitions are agreed on by both you and them. If not, then there is very little common ground on which you and they can stand.

Be sure to present the plan of salvation. If the JW never talks to another Christian, at least you know that you have told them how they may be born again, and have their sins forgiven, and get into God’s kingdom without need of works to earn an entrance.

16 bits of advice:

1. Speak lovingly. People remember how you speak for a lot longer than what you spoke about. Speak the truth, but speak it lovingly – Eph. 4:15.

2. Many cults are quite newly sprung up, and none of them can agree with any of the other cults in every point. Many of them say they accept what the Bible says, yet they consider everyone else to be outside their own particular flock. Here is the problem: logically, if any one of these cults is in fact right, then God has, for hundreds of years, allowed Christians to be wrong in many vital areas. Why did God wait until only recently to reveal the truth? Well, he didn’t. He revealed the truth a long time ago. It is the cults who are wrong, not the Christians.

3. If you get the chance, share your personal testimony. Tell the JW (or any cultist) how you received Jesus by faith, repenting of your sins, and entered God’s family – all by Grace. The personal testimony is a powerful blow to a cult, because no cult-member really knows the Lord. None of them have a personal walk with God. Perhaps you could write your testimony out and have it ready as a typed, photocopy, to give to people.

4. Keep to what you know. Stay in your own territory. The cult-member will try to lure you away, out into the traps and snares of the cult beliefs. Ignore the lures. Simply don’t answer, or say “Well, that’s what you believe”, which is a fair way to handle things, because just because a person believes something, that does not make it correct. (Hitler believed many things about Jews, but his fanatical confidence didn’t make him correct).

When you get the chance, keep referring to what Jesus did, what Jesus said, what Jesus claimed. If your focus is Jesus, you may find that His presence in the debate decides things for you.

5. If the cult-member quotes a scripture, get your own Bible and read the verse out loud yourself, then read the verses before and after it. Quite often this alone will spoil the cult-member’s argument, because a text without a context can be a pretext.

6.Ask the cult-member for his or her address. Some will give this to you. When they have gone, send them some appropriate literature. Ask them, too, perhaps, if they need any help with their family, work, whatever, and offer to pray for them. mean it. Do it.

7. If they offer you literature tell them you will accept it on the condition that they will receive literature from you. If they do accept your Christian book or whatever, make sure they say they will read some of it. If you read some of theirs, you may grow stronger in your faith, as you compare error with Scripture. If they read some of yours, they may be saved.

8. People often join cults because they are insecure. If you get the chance, tell the cult-member how wonderful it is that God has accepted you, as you are, into his family, simply because you accepted Jesus Christ as your own personal Saviour. You didn’t have to do anything to get into God’s Family. You were “accepted in the beloved” – Eph. 1:6. All the wisdom, righteousness, sanctification and redemption you could ever need were freely given to you the moment you received Christ – 1 Cor. 1:30, 31. If you get the chance, read out Eph 2, Col. 1 and 2, Heb. 10 or Rev. 1;

9. Every cult reduces the Bible in some way, from being the perfect, authoritative

Word of God to something less than this. Some cults think the Bible is incomplete, or untrustworthy, or defective, or outdated. Ignore these attitudes and quote it anyway. (What soldier goes into battle, and then asks if the enemy minds if he uses his sword?) Heb. 1:1,2, 2Tim. 3:15 – 17.

10. Every cult has its own version of God. 1 John 5:20, Heb. 1:1 – 14, John 17:1-5.

11. Every cult denies the Biblical Jesus in some way. As with point 9, just keep quoting your Bible and ignore the wrong views. For example: There is a difference between truly and fully. When Jesus was on earth, in human form, he was not fully God. Obviously, he could not have been, or every person he met would have been consumed, since “no man can see God and live”. But Jesus was truly God. For the relevant Scriptures: Jesus is truly God John – 20:28 – 31, John 1:1 onwards, and truly Man – Philippians 2:5 – 11, 1 Tim. 2:5,6.

12. Every cult has its own particular beliefs about Mankind, such as, what Man is, where Man came from, where Man goes at death. These may end up wasting you time as side-issues. Focus on Jesus. Keep steering the conversation back to Jesus. If you must comment on trivial matters, just quote the Bible and leave the matter with the listener. Don’t try too hard to explain everything you read. God’s Word is alive. It doesn’t usually need much help. (A powerful lion doesn’t need defending either!).

13. Every cult has its own version of salvation. Usually, a cult cannot rest in the finished work of God. Usually, cult-members have no assurance of God’s love. Talk about these things as much as you can – Rom. 5:6 – 11. The only “work” God requires of us is to “believe in” the Son, whom the Father sent – John 6:29. Our salvation is the result of Grace = the unearned, undeserved, unmerited favour of God – Eph. 2:8 – 10. What Jesus did for us on the cross is all we could ever need – Heb. 7:25 – 28. God will finish his work in us himself – Philippians 1:6.

14. When the Cult-member leaves, you may feel that you made no impression on him or her. Cheer up. Your love, your personal testimony, your refusal to turn the time into a heated argument . . . they will have had some effect. (Several testimonies from ex-cult-members have testified to the witness, or manners, of a strong Christian as being a deciding factor in their later conversion). And just think, if every door the cult-member knocked on was opened by a Christian with the right attitude …!

15. After the cult-member has gone, pray earnestly for them and leave the rest to the Lord.

16. If the same cult-member returns three times, you may feel that there is little chance of them changing. You are quite within your rights to kindly ask them not to return again -Titus 3:10.

If you think back to the day when you were saved, the chances are it was because God suddenly moved on you. It may have been at a church meeting, or perhaps someone was witnessing to you, or maybe you were all by yourself and not really concerned about spiritual things, but wherever you were, something happened and you went from wondering about God to wanting Him to change you. That was the act of grace which accompanies all true conversions. It is God’s work, not ours. It is an act of divine grace. God gives us the power to understand, to repent, to confess, to live the Christian life. All we do is choose, and even then there is an element of God’s work, because before we are saved we are “dead in trespasses and sins”. Obviously, a dead person cannot make choices. God has to revive us so we can hear Him.

So when you are witnessing to a cult or to anyone at all, just do your job and leave the rest to God. Conversion is definitely not your job, but living for Jesus and sharing the gospel is, so keep to that and God will do whatever else He can.

Becoming like a child

“Unless you are converted and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven”.

Mat. 18:3

Children are as precious to God as sparrows, lilies and hairs. They have QUALITIES which God wants us to have. The following is general only:

1. Transparency. This means freedom from duplicity, craftiness, deceit, double-dealing, and hypocrisy. Children are easy to ‘read’, that is, they wear their thoughts on their faces. They are not clever or sophisticated enough to hide their motives or plans. A good parent has look at his or her child’s face and tell immediately if the child is being honest or not.

2. Teachability. This means being trustful, genuine, sincere, and ready to believe the truth. Children are open to the truth. They tend to believe everything an adult tells them, because they don’t know any better. God wants us to be open to what He says, without questioning or criticising.

3. Humility. Children are pliable. They can be knocked back, forgive, and carry on very quickly. They are friendly, and willing to obey, in order to please someone they love.

4. Children have many wonderful qualities, which, if they were all expressed here, would fill several pages. As Wordsworth noted, children come into this world “trailing clouds of glory”. They bring, in their earliest years, the innocence and purity of their Creator, which is quickly marred and spoiled as they grow up. The child is the nearest thing we have as a representation of God, perhaps up to age five. But the sinful nature, which comes with every child, pulls their soul away from what is right, and draws them into what is wrong, encouraging them to feed on ignoble and immoral things . . . the innocence of the child is smothered, and the adult emerges, brain-washed by the mind-set, peer pressure and lifestyle of the world.

But God wants to wash away all the dirt of this world, and restore the image of the child in us. Christians do not need to commit intellectual suicide to be like children. It is the QUALITIES of childhood which God wants us to have. Innocence, love, joy, freedom, peace, living one day at a time, not worrying about bills or the future, resting in the security of God’s arms.

Was Jesus like a child? In every way yes, though he was also the perfect example of a mature Man. He knew all about sin, yet he never sinned. He knew every emotion, yet he never gave in to lust, temper, jealousy, envy, hate and so on. He had all wisdom available to him, yet he spoke with simple words, and told small, colourful stories. He drew people to himself because he was gentle and kind. This vast power was used not in violent acts, but in healing and restoring. He was the supreme Child.

Growing a church

Dear Steve,
You asked me for my thoughts on how to make a fellowship grow. I submit the following as from someone who has had very little experience, and who knows very little about the matter.
First of all I like to ask the questions “What is church for?” As I see it there are basically only two answers:
1.               Church is for believers. When believers meet they all understand the ‘special’ words they use, such as redemption and propitiation, and when they celebrate communion they know the symbolical nature of the emblems. Their meetings are eclectic and specific, and the common understanding they have makes them as exclusive as a brain-surgeon’s conference.
2.               Church is for reaching into the community and winning the lost to Christ. The main reason Christians exist is firstly to become like Jesus, and secondly to draw other people to Jesus. This means that they should lay aside all their theological terms and meet the unsaved in their own limited understanding. No strange words, no peculiar costumes, and as many familiar things as possible, without sinning of course. For example Jesus met people in their own homes, and talked to them over the meal.
In the world there are and always have been hundreds of different kinds of fellowship. This is good, because it shows that God can live in the hearts of people from all cultures. These different people have always expressed their Christianity in their own forms of art, music and so on, and in each generation they have managed to win a new harvest of believers – otherwise the church would have died out long ago. Some Christian fellowships are loud, and noisy, while others are very quiet. Some like to dress up, others dress down. Some concentrate on worship and do a lot of singing, while others prefer prayers.
Every fellowship tends to attract people of a certain range of personality. The old adage of ‘birds of a feather flock together’ is clearly seen. For example the Brethren tend to attract men because Brethren services (as far as I know tend to be objective, theological and unemotional, whereas Pentecostal churches are usually predominantly filled with women, and the services are correspondingly emotional. I am not suggesting that there is anything wrong with this – it is normal and natural for like to attract like. In the world exactly the same thing happens.
Returning to the question, I would like to look very briefly at the first category of fellowship.
The ‘Christians only’ church.
Looking at the style of the Early Church, (Acts 2:41-47) we have a simple list of the main activities of those first Christians. They met for four reasons:
1.               Doctrine. They listened to and studied the teaching of the apostles
2.               Fellowship. This means people with a common interest met to share their common interest with each other.
3.               Meals. “breaking of bread’ can mean either communion or simply a meal.
4.               Prayers. For each other and for the people outside the Church.
These first Christians also showed great generosity towards each other, and became a wonderful example of a sharing, caring community. As the apostles went about performing signs and wonders the unsaved, who saw this phenomenon, were drawn into the Church and God’s Building increased.
The ‘reaching the lost’ church.
This kind of church, I think, should be completely different in form and service to the above. It should be focused on winning the lost. It has no time or place for ceremonies, special clothes, church building furniture and so on. Its main aim is to communicate to the lost, and it must strip away anything and everything which might be a stumbling block to getting the message across – without sinning of course.
Many years ago I was part of an interesting experiment. I helped organize a ‘Family Service’ in a dwindling fellowship. I do not want to be critical of the fine and well-motivated people who were part of this fellowship, but it is difficult to describe what happened without some part of what follows being reflected back at them. I pray they will forgive me if they find the following offensive.
The building was large, and almost empty. Week by week, year by year the same service was held. The men spoke with faith and the Word was ministered. Many devote and sincere Christians came and went over the years. The youth group disappeared. The Sunday school closed. Still the men spoke with conviction and sincerity at the meetings. People came by invitation, and never returned. The devotion and determination of the leaders was outstanding – even exemplary, but still the numbers dwindled. Prayer meetings failed to stem the tide, and invitations fell on deaf ears.
It was at about this time that I attended, and for more than two years contributed to the fellowship, helping with graphics, Sunday school and various outreaches. I spent a lot of time thinking about the situation, and suggested various ideas, all of which were either ignored or rejected very quickly by the leadership.
Finally one of my ideas was considered. I went to the building early in the mornings and prayed over all the seats. I designed invitations, and helped wherever I could. At last the ‘Family Service’ was launched.
It was an amazing Sunday. Instead of the one or two cars parked outside, there were cars bumper to bumper along both sides of the road. People were streaming in, and soon the building was packed to the doors. The leadership was amazed and joyful. The visitors were happy.
The service went along the lines I had suggested, which comprised a series of items by Christians. For example, two people used glove-puppets to tell a story, one woman held a ‘lollies for answers’ quiz, I told a flashcard story, two people sang a duet, a man played some Classical music on the piano, another man played a solo on his flute. It was funny and marvelous, and everyone enjoyed the whole service, which was opened with a short prayer and closed with the same. Then followed the meal. Some women, who had been preparing drinks and food in the kitchen, pulled the curtains aside and the whole service ended with a wonderful time of talking. On their way out many people asked when the next ‘Family Service’ was going to be held.
The following Sunday the leadership reverted back to the tried and true order of service, and the building was empty again.
A second ‘Family Service’ was held a few weeks later, with the same results, but no further ‘Family Services’ were held.
Today the building remains almost empty and the last few (wonderful, Spirit-filled, devoted) members are trying to devise a method of keeping the fellowship from dying altogether.
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The reason why unbelievers are not attracted to church is much the same as why most people are not attracted to attend brain-surgery conferences.
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At this point one might be tempted to lay down some sort of formula for building a church, but that would be a formula for failure, because every fellowship has to be different. God has not created us to be identical clones, so it is impossible to gather a group of people together and get identical results, even if their interests are much the same. We are all unique individuals, and praise God for that!
What I would like to do is simply suggest a formula which may or may not work for another fellowship. It is entirely up to you what you do with it. You may like to adapt it, or bend it into a new shape.
Reach the lost services.
The ‘reach the lost’ church service begins with the ‘image’ it must portray to the public. If you must use a building rather than meet in homes (as the Early Church did), then make the building ‘user friendly’. Decorate it. Make it like a big, attractive living room. Put a jumble of assorted chairs and seats in. Get rid of church furniture and other useless emblems. Make people feel at home when they come in, and help them relax. Remember, many people have a ton of prejudice on their shoulders when they enter a church building, and some of it is probably justified.
The service itself must not be ‘worldly’ in the sense of having crude language or casual references to God or His Son. Begin with a short prayer of thanks, but keep the wording accessible to the unbelievers.
There is always plenty of talent in every fellowship, but quite often this talent lies undiscovered because the ‘order of service’ ensures that only the ‘pastor’ and a few others are allowed to speak. The Early Church, on the other hand, was rich with contributions – take 1 Corinthians 14:26 for example:  “How is it then, brethren? when you come together, every one of you has a psalm, has a doctrine, has a tongue, has a revelation, has an interpretation. Let all things be done unto edifying”. Note the words “Every one of you”. If this is so, then why do most church services seem to be a 99% spectator sport?
Some Christians have amazing gifts, but they rarely get to exercise them in the fellowship because they are forced to sit and listen. Sometimes a moment is given to members to pray, but rarely is there an opportunity to contribute much more.
But what happens when all the members of a fellowship are expected to contribute something? Firstly they spend the week thinking about it, and secondly they prepare for it. They come to church fired up and excited because they have something to give. If it is from the Word, then they have done some independent study, which is great. If it is some other contribution then they have been practicing it, which means they have been polishing their talents. And what does the whole fellowship gain? A wonderful series of entertaining and edifying items. And what do visitors gain? A totally enjoyable experience, which they will probably want to return to again some time.
To win the lost Christians must meet them at their level. Unsaved children do not understand theology, but they do understand jokes, sweets, food, games, crafts, videos and so on. Unsaved adults are much the same. They understand music, fun, puppets, pictures, songs, dances and other creative and entertaining things.
There are some Christians who feel that ‘church’ should not be entertaining. To these well-meaning saints I suggest that they gather other like-minded people about them and have their own services the way they want them, but please don’t invite me. I think they are partly correct, but their view probably comes from their desire to preserve the sober, serious side of Christianity intact. (This is a good motivation but how will the unsaved be reached if Christians form ‘holy huddles’?) They may fear that if Christians laugh too much they may slide into worldliness and forget to follow Jesus. I doubt it. God created laughter and gave it to Mankind as a gift. Perhaps it is time for the Church to take back the gift and use it the right way?
Returning for a moment to the Early Church and the list of 4 things they practiced, it is interesting to see how the ‘meal together’ has disappeared from most mainline churches. Instead of a full fellowship, traditions have imposed a straitjacket of rules and restrictions, reducing what should be a vibrant and entertaining time, into a formal order of service in which very little real fellowship can take place. It is because of this dry formalism and lack of full fellowship that thousands of disillusioned Christians are leaving church and meeting in homes instead.
There is nothing like a meal together to help people to unwind and communicate, yet the one thing which Christians need when they meet has been removed. Visitors come in, sit down, and just as they try to converse the service begins. They wait till the end and leave politely, perhaps shaking hands briefly with some smiling person near the door, returning to the street without spending any quality time with anyone. What a huge difference it would make if visitors came, were entertained, and then spent another hour talking to someone – with a cup of tea and a biscuit? They might think that Christians were, after all, not such a strange crowd after all.
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I think Christians ought to sit down and take a hard look at what their ‘church’ is doing, and then compare it with the general principles in the Word. Instead of accepting what the ‘pastor’, or ‘tradition’ says, why not check out the Scriptures and see if there might be an alternative?
If you really want to reach the lost, why not make as many changes as possible in order to do that, rather than expect the lost to politely conform to your traditional methods?
Someone challenged me many years ago on this point, by asking “What is your main motivation in getting someone saved? Is it so that you can add another person to your Sunday service?”
I hate to say it but I think that may be one of the reasons why some churches try to reach the lost. They want to swell the ranks in the pews. How dreadful! The traditional church, centred in a building, with its furniture and robes and books and paraphernalia is all Manmade. It has some of the essence of the Early Church, but it is largely an artificial growth which has been built out of the original outline found in the Scriptures. Most of it could be wiped out without even scratching the actual true Church underneath. The main aim of Christianity should not be to increase church attendance, but to add children to God’s Family.
Try this thought-experiment. Imagine going to your long-standing traditional church building just down the street, and suggest to the minister that he paint the building white with flowers and butterflies all over the outside walls, and then place a big sign over the door: “Kid’s Church, open Saturdays from 1p.m. to 3p.m.” Can you guess his reaction? (I may be wrong but I think) he would probably prefer to keep things just the way they are than set out on a radical new path in order to reach the lost children in his community.
It is because of the ‘we’ve-always-done-things-this-way’ attitude that many churches are dying. The traditions, and habits, and security of repetition, are strong impediments to change, and perhaps many services are so unchallenging and comforting that they lull those who attend into a sleep of acceptance. As one brought up in the Presbyterian church, where the minister always ordered the service and all I ever did was sing hymns and watch the time, I know the sense of futility and boredom which comes on those who seem to be merely spectators. The only bright moment I remember was my chance to read something to the other children at Sunday school, but then, looking at the Word, there is no warrant for separating the children from the adults. If the church is a Family, then the Family should fellowship together – but that is exactly the problem. The Family of God has been taken hostage by tradition and formalism, and robbed of its common meal together.
No wonder people are leaving it in droves.
There is a fear, and it is quite justified, among some Christians that if the church entertains people too much, it might forget its Great Commission and slip into aimless worldliness. However, my view is that entertainment is a gift from God, and it is the world which has twisted and abused it.
Take humour for example. While there is no specific verse which tells us to laugh, there are many which imply that “a merry heart does good like a medicine” (Prov.15:13, 15:15, 17:22, Ecc.9:7). It is the same with other gifts, such as music, dance and the whole gamut of the Arts. God intended these gifts to be used properly, morally and for our pleasure, but sinful people have abused them and used them for evil.
Christians, above all people in the world, really should be (collectively) the most creative and entertaining people! We (the Church) should be able to redeem all the gifts of God and present them in a sanctified and lively way – but instead our fellowships are so often reduced to a narrow band of singing and sometimes musical performance. Where, in the church, are the actors, poets, painters and dancers? Where are the humourists? Where are the craftsmen and craftswomen? Where are all the wonderful gifts which should be present at the meetings?
As I said at the beginning of this article, the question comes back to two lines of thought: are we trying to build a ‘Christians only’ fellowship, or do we want to become a ‘reach the lost’ fellowship? How we answer the question will determine the sort of fellowship we will be. And it is no good trying to combine the two, because that creates a service too ’worldly’ for Christians, and too ‘Christian’ for the unsaved. It has to be one or the other, not both at the same time.
To grow a church we have to put the unsaved first, and all our theology has to come second. We have to meet the unsaved at their level before we can pull them up to ours. Jesus demonstrated this by walking the streets and eating with publicans and sinners. He didn’t try to lure people into the synagogues because all that would have done was produce synagogue-attendees. In the same way, it is far better for people to become Christians and never attend ‘church’ than for them to regularly attend ‘church’ and never become Christians.
Which is why I think we have to make some radical changes and focus on winning the lost to Jesus, rather than filling pews.

Church Discipline

There is a distinct and clear circular line drawn around every Christian. This line is described in God’s Word, but not all Christians can see it, or stay within its boundaries. The line divides the world into two parts: the Christian world and the Secular World. It divides the world into two ways of seeing things: the Christian world view, and the Secular world view.

As an example of this division, recently (2003) Archbishop George Pell of Sydney, Australia, got himself into a dispute over homosexuals and their place in relation to the Church. He denied Holy Communion to all homosexuals who don’t accept church teaching on homosexuality. He said: “A Biblical approach to sexuality is essential for human well-being, and for the continuity of the human race.” This is what the Bible says, in different words, so all Mr Pell was doing was staying within the boundary of what God permitted within His Word.

Mr. Pell also sponsors AIDS hospices and shows compassion to those infected with deadly diseases. But many homosexuals are angry with his views and have opposed his appointment. They think he is unfairly discriminating against people who want to have alternative sexual choices. The homosexuals of course, want the church to throw away the rules and be ‘more tolerant’. But is God tolerant of homosexuality? No.

Another example is that of Cardinal Juan Luis Cipriani of Lima, Peru. Eighteen months ago he announced that people who oppose church teaching on abortion would be denied communion. Of course he started a fierce and angry debate over his ruling from people who saw nothing wrong with abortion.

The pro-abortionists wanted the Cardinal to ignore the many Bible teachings about the preciousness of life, from conception through to birth. They wanted the church to ignore the clear rules and restrictions in the Bible.

And then there is the case of the Southern Baptist Convention which cut ties with churches that allowed homosexuals to be pastors. The Southern Baptists were vilified and labeled “narrow minded” and “bigoted”.

But the church is not a democracy. It was never instituted as a sort of forum where Christians can make, or change, or abolish rules. The church is an hierarchy, that is, it is set up in a similar way to the old British model: it has a King at the top, with his obedient advisors under him, and all the citizens in their charge under the king, all members equally expected to obey that King.

Whenever churches begin to portray themselves as democracies, they disintegrate as churches, and begin to change into something else. The world always tries to pressure Christians into a duplicitous position – that is, a little allegiance both ways, but Jesus never allowed for this duality. The Church is supposed to be the same yesterday, today and forever, as far as its rules go.

Suppose we applied the democratic model to non-Christian organizations? What would happen if people refused to attend all the required meetings of the Rotary Club? They would be expelled from the Club. What would happen if Brownies, Scouts or Guides turned up repeatedly without their uniforms? They would not be allowed to carry the name of the Club. In this way the world frequently upholds its own so-called intolerant views. It has rules for membership, and it expels or suspends all members who fail to keep those rules – so why should the church be any different?

The church has every right to set rules for its members, provided those rules are based on the Bible, and not Man’s opinion. If people want to join a church fellowship, and don’t like the rules, they are free to leave – just as people may leave any worldly club or organization they don’t agree with. Only cults and dictatorships force their members to stay. The Church is a loving family, where obedience to the rules springs from a willing heart.

The authority on which the churches stand should always be the Word of God. Whether we like it or not the churches must discipline their members when there is a good reason. When they fail to discipline, they don’t become more relevant to the world, they become less relevant, and also lose their moral authority. Many people in the world actually want the Church to speak with a clear voice about morals and standards – rather than cave in and join the liberals and New Agers. In a world blown about by opinions and debate, the Church is able to speak with a never-changing voice on many things – like a solid rock in a storm.

Discipline is essential in many areas of life – the home, at work, in the military, in clubs and organizations, in business, in sport. In all these areas, members must be brought into line with the rule book, whether it is actually written or spoken, otherwise the whole organization suffers. Discipline in the church guards the purity of the church, preserves the church by removing evil, and provides severe but loving correction for one who is in danger of slipping away.

The responsibility of all believers is to read and understand God’s rule book, and then to hold to those rules with unflinching courage. This sort of stand is usually involved with “righteousness”, or doing what is right. In practical terms, this equates with no swearing, no gossip, no drugs, no pornography, no lies, no stealing, no revenge, and so on. In positive terms this means clean living, good works, love, kindness, generosity and so on. If we want to be known as Christians, we must stay within the circle.